Effects of feeding stockpiled tall fescue versus summer-baled tall fescue-based hay to late gestation beef cows: I. Cow performance, maternal metabolic status, and fetal growth.

Abstract

We hypothesized that cows grazing stockpiled tall fescue (STF) during late gestation would have increased nutrient intake, resulting in improved metabolic status and fetal growth compared with cows consuming summer-baled tall fescue hay. Multiparous, spring-calving, crossbred beef cows (year 1: n = 48, year 2: n = 56) were allocated by body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), age, service sire, and expected calving date to 1 of 2 forage systems (4 rep/system) in mid-November on day 188 of gestation: strip-graze endophyte-infected STF in 4.05 ha pastures or consume ad libitum endophyte-infected summer-baled tall fescue-based hay in uncovered dry lots. Treatments were terminated 1 wk postpartum, and cow-calf pairs were managed together until weaning. Data were analyzed with forage system, year, and their interaction as fixed effects. Sampling day was a repeated effect for cow metabolites and hormones. Calf date of birth was in the model when P < 0.25; pasture or pen was the experimental unit. Cow prepartum BW was not affected (P ≥ 0.424) by forage system, but cows grazing STF tended (P = 0.09) to have greater BCS at day 35 and had greater (P = 0.03) final precalving BCS than hay-fed cows. Additionally, final precalving 12th rib fat thickness tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for STF than hay-fed cows. Calves born to cows fed hay only weighed 10.2% less (P = 0.03) at birth than calves born to cows consuming STF, indicating reduced fetal growth. Postpartum cow BW, BCS, first service conception rate, and overall pregnancy rate were not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by late gestational forage system. After day 0, serum urea N was greater (P < 0.001) in cows consuming STF on all days measured. Cows grazing STF also tended (P = 0.08) to have greater plasma glucose than cows consuming hay. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were greater (P < 0.001) in cows grazing STF on day 56 in year 1 and on day 77 and 99 in year 2. Serum triiodothyronine was less (P = 0.03) on day 0, but greater (P = 0.004) on day 99, in cows grazing STF. Cows grazing STF tended (P = 0.06) to have greater thyroxine on day 77 in year 1. Serum cortisol was greater (P = 0.003) on day 35 and tended (P = 0.10) to be greater on day 99 in cows grazing STF. Calf birth weight was positively correlated with prepartum maternal serum urea N (r = 0.31, P = 0.002) and NEFA (r = 0.12, P = 0.005). In this study, cows grazing STF had increased nutrient intake during late gestation, resulting in greater fetal growth.