Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays an important role in feeding behavior, obesity, and thermoregulation. The VMH contains glucose-sensing neurons, the firing of which depends on the level of extracellular glucose and which are involved in maintaining the blood glucose level via the sympathetic nervous system. The VMH also expresses various receptors of the peptides related to feeding. However, it is not well-understood whether the action of feeding-related peptides mediates the activity of glucose-sensing neurons in the VMH. In the present study, we examined the effects of feeding-related peptides on the burst-generating property of the VMH. Superfusion with insulin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, corticotropin-releasing factor, and orexin increased the frequency of the VMH oscillation. In contrast, superfusion with leptin, cholecystokinin, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, galanin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y decreased the frequency of the oscillation. Our findings indicated that the frequency changes of VMH oscillation in response to the application of feeding-related peptides showed a tendency similar to changes of sympathetic nerve activity in response to the application of these substances to the brain.
Highlights
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays an important role in feeding behavior, obesity, and thermoregulation [1]
The VMH expresses various receptors of the peptides related to feeding [4]: insulin [5], neuropeptide Y (NPY) [6], orexin [7], galanin [8], ghrelin [9], cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) [10], cholecystokinin (CCK)-A [11], corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) [12] and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) [13]
These neuropeptides are divided largely into two groups based on their effects on feeding behavior: anorexigenic peptides [14] and orexigenic peptides [1,15,16]
Summary
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays an important role in feeding behavior, obesity, and thermoregulation [1]. The VMH expresses various receptors of the peptides related to feeding [4]: insulin [5], neuropeptide Y (NPY) [6], orexin [7], galanin [8], ghrelin [9], cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) [10], cholecystokinin (CCK)-A [11], corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) [12] and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) [13]. We analyzed how VMH oscillation responds to various feeding-related peptides
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