Abstract
ABSTRACTThe effects of different levels of Leucaena leucocephala and Manihot esculenta leaves’ supplementation on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation and microbial populations and urinary purine derivatives (PD) were investigated. Seven treatment groups – T1:C/rice straw (RS) (40:60) (Control); T2:C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:45:15); T3:C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:30:30); T4: C/RS/leucaena leaves (40:15:45); T5:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:45:15); T6:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:30:30) and T7:C/RS/cassava leaves (40:15:45) – were used in this experiment. In the in vitro study, acetate, propionate, butyrate and total VFA were found to increase significantly in T7. No significant difference was observed in in vitro gas production except the control diet although in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was recorded significantly decreased. Determination of urinary PD, rumen fermentation and microbial population were done using 21 local Boer goats. Rumen NH₃-N, acetic and total VFA production were found to improve (P < .05) in all supplemented group. Significant (P < .05) reduction was noted in the urinary allantoin production and total PD at T7. The populations of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefacien had significantly increased (P < .05) while Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes were significantly reduced (P < .05) in supplemented group. In conclusion, the result from the present study suggested that 25% of L. leucocephala leaves diet and 50% of M. esculenta leaves diet can be incorporated in the goat diet so as to improve the nutritive value of poor quality diet.
Highlights
Supplementing high proteinaceous legumes in animal fed with poor quality feed would increase the animal feed nutritional value
The usage of these forages in the animal feed shows auspicious result in growth rate, dry matter (DM) digestibility (Adejumo & Ademosun 1991), DM intake (Srivastava & Sharma 1998) for leucaena and DM intake, nutrient digestibility and weight gain (Phengvichith & Ledin 2007; Hue et al, 2008) for M. esculenta regardless of feeding forms and methods. The problem with both of the forages is the content of anti-nutritive factors that may exhibit health impairment in ruminants if consumed excessively. These secondary compounds to mimosine in L. leucocephala and hydrogen cyanide in M. esculenta affect the nutritive value of forages and animal consumed them
Supplementation of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves showed that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the diet were found to significantly differ (P < .05), where T1 showed the highest value among the treatment diets
Summary
Supplementing high proteinaceous legumes in animal fed with poor quality feed would increase the animal feed nutritional value Proteinaceous legumes such as Leucaena leucocephala and Manihot esculenta are abundantly found in the tropics and were considered as high quality leguminous forage due to its high protein content with good amino acid profile. The problem with both of the forages is the content of anti-nutritive factors that may exhibit health impairment in ruminants if consumed excessively These secondary compounds to mimosine in L. leucocephala and hydrogen cyanide in M. esculenta affect the nutritive value of forages and animal consumed them. As a result, this factor may decrease their nutritional value as sole feed but increased their value as supplemental feed to low quality forages as well as agricultural by-product. Rumen microbial population as affected by different level of L. leucocephala and M. esculenta leaves diet remains to be explored, especially on the rapid method of quantification by using an independent culture method –real-time PCR (qPCR), which is faster and more accurate in enumerating rumen
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