Abstract
Many treatment methods are used to remove iron and manganese from water. Aeration and membrane filtration are two of these methods. In this study, Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal by aeration with different catalysts and instead of simple membrane filtration applied in other studies, the aerated-submerged membrane systems were evaluated separately. When Fe(OH)3 was applied in the aeration step and complete oxidation of Fe2+ was obtained after 27 min, while complete Mn2+ oxidation was obtained in 76 min. However, when MnO2 was applied in the aeration step, complete oxidation of Fe2+ and Mn2+ was relatively slow (36 and 110 min, respectively). According to the results obtained from the aerated membrane system, Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal were extended by Fe(OH)3 via adsorption/surface oxidation. It is clearly shown from the flux, resistance results, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT/IR) spectroscopy observation that manganese oxides were deposited mainly in membrane pores forming membrane fouling by small flocs, while iron oxide particles were deposited on the membrane surface. Although the flux performance of PT PES membrane was higher than HF PP membrane, fouling resistance of HF PP membrane was higher than PT PES.
Highlights
Iron and manganese removal from water sources is important for drinking and both domestic and industrial uses
It is observed that the catalytic effect increased up to three days with the aging of Fe(OH)3 sludge
The change in the rate of Fe2+ oxidation with atmospheric oxygen is investigated by adding Fe(OH)3 and MnO2 to the medium separately
Summary
Iron and manganese removal from water sources is important for drinking and both domestic and industrial uses. The formation of MnO2 , even at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L of manganese, causes the formation of black sludge in the inner walls of the pipe. The presence of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate iron and manganese in water varies greatly depending on the ambient pH and the amount of dissolved oxygen. The presence of organic matter and various anions in the environment are important factors that determine the type of iron and manganese oxide formed by aeration and its conversion over time [2,3,4]. Manganese oxide flocs have a large surface area. They are effective adsorbents for many dissolved ions, molecules, and gases
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