Abstract
Background: Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field) ELF-MF (in the elevation of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and reduction of withdrawal syndrome of morphine have been reported so far. Since pain is one of the main concerns in medicine and usually analgesic drugs are not much beneficial or cause considerable side effects, the present project was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effects of (ELF-MF (in chronic pain using formalin test in mice. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty two adult male mice were used and divided into 4 groups (n = 8). Three groups of animals exposed daily for thirty minutes to 25, 50, 75 HZ (intense 250 μT) of electromagnet field for one week, respectively and one group considered as control with no exposure. At the end of a week, formalin test was performed. Responses to formalin were observed for sixty minutes. The results were compared between tests and control group. Findings: In acute phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced significantly the pain scores following formalin injection at all 3 frequencies, especially at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.001) rather 75 HZ (p < 0.05). In chronic phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced pain scores at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.05). However, the most effective responses were obtained at 50 HZ frequency. Conclusion: The findings show that ELF-MF is effective to reduce formalin induced chronic pain in mice at both acute and chronic phases.
Highlights
Electromagnetic spectrum encompasses a wide range of wavelengths and frequency
There are some reports on the various biological effects of ELFE, including interference with brain activity, behavioral and cognitive damage, alterations in locomotors activity, pain system, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activity (NMDA) and messaging calcium in the hippocampus and the effect of heart rate and sleep at night [6]
In the first phase of the formalin test (Figure 2), the electromagnetic fields caused a significant reduction in pain symptoms compared to the control group
Summary
Electromagnetic spectrum encompasses a wide range of wavelengths and frequency. its scope is so vast that a logarithmic scale is necessary to review them [1]. Many studies have shown that electromagnetic fields at low frequency have adverse effects on mental and physical health of living organisms [2] [3]. Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) in the elevation of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and reduction of withdrawal syndrome of morphine have been reported so far. Findings: In acute phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced significantly the pain scores following formalin injection at all 3 frequencies, especially at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.001) rather 75 HZ (p < 0.05). In chronic phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced pain scores at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings show that ELF-MF is effective to reduce formalin induced chronic pain in mice at both acute and chronic phases
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