Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Delayed Chromosomal Instability Induced by Bleomycin in Normal Human Fibroblast Cells

Abstract

This study was carried out to examine the interaction of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on delayed chromosomal instability by bleomycin (BLM) in human fibroblast cells. A micronucleus–centromere assay using DNA probes for chromosomes 1 and 4 was performed and a 60-Hz ELF-EMF of 0.8 mT field strength was applied either alone or with BLM throughout the culture period. The frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and aneuploidy were analyzed at 28, 88, and 240 h after treatment with BLM. The coexposure of cells to BLM and ELF-EMF led to a significant increase in the frequencies of MN and aneuploidy compared to the cells treated with BLM alone. No difference was observed between field-exposed and sham-exposed control cells. The frequency of MN induced by BLM was increased at 28 h, and further analysis showed a persistent increase up to 240 h, but the new levels were not significantly different from the level at 28 h. BLM increased the frequencies of aneuploidy at 28, 88, and 240 h, and significantly higher frequency of aneuploidy was observed in the cells analyzed at 240 h compared to the cells examined at 28 h. No interaction of ELF-EMF on delayed chromosomal instability by BLM was observed. Our results suggest that ELF-EMF enhances the cytotoxicity of BLM. BLM might induce delayed chromosomal instability, but no effect of ELF-EMF was observed on the BLM-induced delayed chromosomal instability in fibroblast cells.