Effects of extraction methods of phenolic compounds from Xanthium strumarium L. and their antioxidant activity

R Scherer,Ht Godoy

doi:10.1590/s1516-05722014000100006

Abstract

The effect of extraction methods and solvents on overall yield, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and the composition of the phenolic compounds in Xanthium strumarium extracts were studied. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the composition of the phenolic compounds was determined by HPLC-DAD and LC/MS. All results were affected by the extraction method, especially by the solvent used, and the best results were obtained with the methanol extract. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, and the chlorogenic and ferulic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds in the extracts.

Highlights

Xanthium species have been used as traditional herbal medicines for centuries in Oriental countries
The presence of CAT in the adult leaves, cotyledonary stages, seeds, and the shell of the burr was investigated via electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/ MS, and the CAT was found in the extracts from the seed and plants in the cotyledonary stage, but not in the adult leaves or shell of burr, so the medicinal
The synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the phenolic compounds caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, protocatechuic acid (3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid), and trans-cinnamic acid were purchased from Sigma (USA)

Summary

Introduction

Xanthium species have been used as traditional herbal medicines for centuries in Oriental countries. Some investigations have reported that Xanthium strumarium induced intoxication and could be lethal to cattle (Colodel et al, 2000), sheep (Loretti et al, 1999), pigs Mavenyengwa, 1998), and humans (Turgut et al, 2005). The results showed that the consumption of the fruits (burrs) induced hepatic necrosis, as well as myocardial injury in humans. The presence of CAT in the adult leaves, cotyledonary stages, seeds (inside the burr), and the shell of the burr was investigated via ESI-MS/ MS, and the CAT was found in the extracts from the seed and plants in the cotyledonary stage, but not in the adult leaves or shell of burr, so the medicinal

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