Abstract
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates the effects of six-week (twice a week, 12 sessions total) extracorporeal shockwave therapy (SWT) and hand massage therapy (HT) on body composition and serum lipids in overweight and obese Korean women aged between 35 and 59, according to their serum cholesterol level (≥200 mg/dL versus <200 mg/dL). After the program, weights decreased significantly in both the HT Group and SWT Group (p < 0.05); weights of those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the HT Group (p = 0.038), while weights of those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the SWT Group (p = 0.001). BMIs decreased significantly in both the HT Group and the SWT Group (p < 0.05); BMIs of those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the HT Group (p = 0.018), while BMIs of those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the SWT Group (p = 0.001). The body fat percentage of subjects significantly decreased only in the SWT Group (p = 0.027); the waist-hip ratio significantly decreased only in HT Group (p = 0.034). Serum cholesterol levels significantly decreased in those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL in the HT Group (p < 0.05) and those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL in SWT Group (p = 0.055). Triglyceride significantly decreased in both those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL and those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, but did not significantly decrease in either subgroup of the HT Group. The study results suggest that SWT is effective in improving body measurements and serum lipids in those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, while HT therapy is effective in those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL. In conclusion, SWT and HT improved abdominal obesity by reducing body weight and waist circumference and helped improving serum lip index, suggesting the benefit for managing body measurements and serum lipids of overweight and obese individuals.
Highlights
Around 17 million people around the world die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) each year, accounting for 30% of all deaths [1] [2]
This study investigates the effects of six-week extracorporeal shockwave therapy (SWT) and hand massage therapy (HT) on body composition and serum lipids in overweight and obese Korean women aged between 35 and 59, according to their serum cholesterol level (≥200 mg/dL versus
This study investigates the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and hand massage on body composition and serum lipids according to serum cholesterol level in overweight and obese Korean women
Summary
Around 17 million people around the world die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) each year, accounting for 30% of all deaths [1] [2]. The risk factors for CVD include lifestyle, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dietary problems, lack of exercise, and overweight, and obesity, among which the latter is known to be important [3]. Many studies with obese or overweight people have reported a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in blood during weight loss [7], and management of abdominal obesity is important in preventing CVD. Dyslipidemia, a CVD risk factor, is more common in middle-aged women than in men of the same age in Korea [8], and both management of abdominal obesity and improvement in serum lipids are crucial for preventing CVD. Shockwave therapy and massage therapy are widely used for abdominal fat management in Korean medical centers, but no studies have examined their effects or resultant changes serum lipids
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