Abstract
CdS nanoneedles with different morphologies, structures, and growth modes have been grown on Ni-coated Si(100) surface under different experimental conditions by pulsed laser deposition method. The effects of catalyst layer, substrate temperature, and laser pulse energy on the growth of the CdS nanoneedles were studied in detail. It was confirmed that the formation of the molten catalyst spheres is the key to the nucleation of the CdS nanoneedles by observing the morphologies of the Ni catalyst thin films annealed at different substrate temperatures. Both the substrate temperature and laser pulse energy strongly affected the growth modes of the CdS nanoneedles. The secondary growth of the smaller nanoneedles on the top of the main nanoneedles was found at appropriate conditions. A group of more completed pictures of the growth modes of the CdS nanoneedles were presented.
Highlights
Nowadays, semiconductor nanomaterials like nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes, have aroused great interest in material science and applications owing to their unique characteristics different from film or bulk materials
The morphology of all the samples was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
The crystalline structures of the CdS nanoneedles were characterized by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
Summary
Semiconductor nanomaterials like nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes, have aroused great interest in material science and applications owing to their unique characteristics different from film or bulk materials. Among the methods, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a simple and efficient way to synthesize multicomponent compounds such as II-VI semiconductors [12,13,14]. The CdS nanoneedles have been grown successfully using the PLD method [15] and the growth modes of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and vapor-solid (VS) have been suggested [15,16]. The effects of the substrate temperature and the laser pulse energy on the growth of CdS nanoneedles were studied in detail. Both the VLS and VS growth modes of CdS nanoneedles were further confirmed experimentally. The transformation from VLS to VS growth modes along with the growth of the CdS nanoneedles was discussed
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