Abstract
Fifty college female subjects, selected on the basis of their pretest, avoidance of a snake, were randomly assigned to four conditions; (a) desensitization, (b) implosion, (c) avoidance response, and (d) no-therapy. Half of the subjects received therapeutic instructions to establish a positive expectancy of improvement while, the other half received instructions designed to avoid establishing expectancy of improvement. After four sessions, the posttest was administered. It was found that desensitization and implosion both resulted in decreased pulse rate. The expectancy manipulation strongly affected overt, behavioral measures of fear. Implosion was most influenced by the expectancy effects, while positive expectancy implosion showed the most improvement over the traditional no-therapy group.
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