Abstract
Exogenous lipids serving as stimulators to improve lycopene production in Blakeslea trispora have been widely reported. However, the selection basis of exogenous lipids and their effects on intracellular lipids are not very clear. In this study, five plant oils with different fatty acid compositions were selected to investigate their effects on lycopene production, fatty acid composition and the desaturation degree of intracellular lipids. Among the oils, soybean oil, with a fatty acid composition similar to that of mycelium, exhibited the best stimulating effect on lycopene formation (improvement of 82.1%). The plant oils enhanced the total content of intracellular lipids and the desaturation degree of reserve lipids due to the alteration of fatty acid composition, especially in neutral lipids. Lycopene production was increased with the improved desaturation degree of intracellular lipids, which may be attributed to the enhancement of storage capacity for lycopene in storage lipid, thus reducing the feedback regulation of free lycopene. In addition, the increase of the desaturation degree of reserve lipids through temperature-changing fermentation also enhanced lycopene production. The present study could serve as a basis for a better understanding of the relationship between the fatty acid composition of reserve lipids and lycopene production.
Highlights
Lycopene, a member of the carotenoids, has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical, feed, and food industries (Feofilova et al 2006; Nelis and Leenheer 1991)
Effect of exogenous lipids on dry biomass and lycopene production According to the available literature, the lipids of B. trispora grown in media with glucose or corn flour predominantly contained palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids (Tereshina et al 2005, 2010; Vereschagina et al 2010)
Soybean oil was more effective in stimulating lycopene formation (40.1 mg/g) than other oils (p < 0.05, analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis and Tukey’s post hoc test)
Summary
A member of the carotenoids, has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical, feed, and food industries (Feofilova et al 2006; Nelis and Leenheer 1991). Increasing evidence supports the role of lycopene against some diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and prostate cancer (Khachik et al 2002; Story et al 2010). Lycopene can be synthesized by chemical pathways, plants and microorganisms. Compared with chemical synthetic lycopene, natural-origin lycopene extracted from plants (mainly tomato) and microorganisms (mainly B. trispora) has a broader market due to the increasing consumer demand for “all natural” products, synthetic and natural lycopene have identical bioavailability in humans (Hoppe et al 2003; Papaioannou et al 2016). Lycopene configurations in B. trispora mainly consist of all-trans forms (> 90%), lycopene in vitro can isomerize to the mono or poly-cis form under heating or light (Authority 2005; Shi 2000)
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