Abstract
Objective Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the occurrence of insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory factors in patients with T2DM. Methods A systematic review was conducted on five databases, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between establishment of the database and November 2020 without restrictions on language were included. Studies evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on inflammatory cytokines in patients with T2DM were selected. Results Twenty-three randomized controlled trials (1350 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: −0.79, 95% CI: −1.26 to −0.33, p = 0.0008), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: −2.33, 95% CI: −3.39 to −1.27, p < 0.0001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: −0.42, 95% CI: −0.60 to −0.24, p < 0.0001) in T2DM patients. Conclusion The findings of this review suggest that exercise reduces inflammatory cytokines (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6) in T2DM patients. More studies with high methodological qualities and large sample sizes need to be done to confirm which forms of exercise are most effective.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by metabolic, hormonal, epigenetic, and oxidative imbalances [1], is increasing rapidly
This systematic review summarized evidence from randomized controlled trials published in recent years and meta-analyzed the effects of exercise on the changes in inflammatory factors in T2DM patients, and it was found that exercise could significantly reduce the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 in T2DM patients
This study summarized recently published studies and found that long-term exercise can reduce the level of inflammatory factors (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6) in T2DM, which may alleviate the chronic low-grade inflammation in patients to a certain extent
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by metabolic, hormonal, epigenetic, and oxidative imbalances [1], is increasing rapidly. People with chronic diabetes are more likely to develop numerous and often serious complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and periodontitis [2] and may affect nearly every organ system in the body [3]. Some of the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α involved in β-cell damage and downregulate insulin signaling cascades in insulinsensitive tissues, leading to the destruction of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis [9,10,11]. It is necessary to reduce the abnormally elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic patients for the improvement of the disease
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