Abstract
ABSTRACT English Thoroughbred horses, are widespread in Mexico and due to the lack of data on their exercise physiology, it is important to conduct exercise tests in order to obtain information the effects of exercise on more essential cations/anions in blood serum, as these horses are submitted to constant efforts. The study was carried out with 150 blood samples of English Thoroughbred horses clinically healthy. The blood sample collection was performed during three periods: 1) rest, 2) 30min after exercise (speed race of 12km/h for 30min with no rest) and 3) 60min after exercise. Mean values were calculated for cations (sodium and potassium) and anions (chloride and bicarbonate). The resulting data set was analyzed using Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. The linear relationships between ions were quantified, and an analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values between groups. The concentrations of the described analytes are consistent with values reported by international literature. The comparison between groups, revealed that during exercise, sodium ion did not show changes 30min after exercise and increase 60min after. Potassium ion showed increase 30min after exercise and decrease 60min after. Chloride ion showed a decrease 30min after exercise, to recover gradually 60min after. Meanwhile, bicarbonate ion showed increase 30min after exercise, decreasing slightly in the final stage. Negative correlation between bicarbonate ion and chloride ion were determined. It was concluded that exercise tests are useful for the determination of acid-base balance and osmotic balance, and their main role is to evaluate the athletic ability of horses.Considering that chloride ion excretion and metabolic adjustments of potassium ion and bicarbonate ion are superior to water loss, compared to the normal osmolarity of blood serum. The results found can be used to structure an adequate replacement program of electrolytes lost in sweat.
Highlights
The sport of racing is the most demanding of equine athletic disciplines, with horses required to complete distances of up to 160km/d (Randle and Waran, 2017)
Animals with highly developed metabolic responses are required (Doherty et al, 2017).Because the evaporation of sweat is the major mechanism for the removal of excess heat produced during exercise, there is a substantial loss of body water and electrolytes, especially cations: sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and anions chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) (Potts et al, 2015; Randle and Waran, 2017)
Cations and anions losses during speed race, reflect a balance among sweat loss, plus water, influence of exercise intensity and duration, and index of the horse's adaptation to speed and endurance (Sanin et al, 2015).These ions are electrically charged particles, and not just inert accumulations of salt suspended in an aqueous medium (Martins et al, 2014).They are indispensable biochemical analytes in the acidbase balance of blood, the water balance of body, maintaining osmotic pressure, movement of electrical impulses and muscle contraction and relaxation (Soetan et al, 2010; Terker et al, 2015; Kataoka, 2017).For this reason, the present study determined the effect of physical exercise on the serum concentration of Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3- ions in English Thoroughbred horses for its application in sports medicine
Summary
The sport of racing is the most demanding of equine athletic disciplines, with horses required to complete distances of up to 160km/d (Randle and Waran, 2017). In these activities, animals with highly developed metabolic responses are required (Doherty et al, 2017).Because the evaporation of sweat is the major mechanism for the removal of excess heat produced during exercise, there is a substantial loss of body water and electrolytes, especially cations: sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and anions chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) (Potts et al, 2015; Randle and Waran, 2017). Cations and anions losses during speed race, reflect a balance among sweat loss, plus water, influence of exercise intensity and duration, and index of the horse's adaptation to speed and endurance (Sanin et al, 2015).These ions are electrically charged particles, and not just inert accumulations of salt suspended in an aqueous medium (Martins et al, 2014).They are indispensable biochemical analytes in the acidbase balance of blood, the water balance of body, maintaining osmotic pressure, movement of electrical impulses and muscle contraction and relaxation (Soetan et al, 2010; Terker et al, 2015; Kataoka, 2017).For this reason, the present study determined the effect of physical exercise on the serum concentration of Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3- ions in English Thoroughbred horses for its application in sports medicine
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