Abstract
In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions control measures, originating from vehicle fueling processes, on ozone concentrations are verified. The measures studied are: (1) control at the moment when the tank trucks supply the fuel to the gas stations (Stage 1); (2) control at the moment when the vehicles are refueled at the gas stations, through a device installed in the pumps (Stage 2); (3) same as the previous control, but through a device installed in the vehicles (ORVR). The effects of these procedures were analyzed using numerical modeling with the VEIN and WRF/Chem models for a base case in 2018 and different emission scenarios, both in 2018 and 2031. The results obtained for 2018 show that the implementation of Stages 1 and 2 would reduce HCNM emissions by 47.96%, with a consequent reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone. For 2031, the greatest reductions in ozone concentrations were obtained with the scenario without ORVR, and with Stage 1 and Stage 2 (64.65% reduction in HCNM emissions and 31.93% in ozone), followed by the scenario with ORVR and with Stage 1 and Stage 2 (64.39% reduction in HCNM emissions and 32.98% in ozone concentrations).
Highlights
Brazil has a vehicular fleet of more than 100 million registered vehicles, according to the National Department of Traffic [1]
The emissions related to road transport were estimated for Brazil and for Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) area, we used spatially allocated emissions based on the outputs of travel demand models for light vehicles and trucks, provided by Traffic Engineer Company CET
There is an average reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone
Summary
Brazil has a vehicular fleet of more than 100 million registered vehicles, according to the National Department of Traffic [1]. This vehicular fleet impacts air quality with deleterious effects on the population’s health and on ecosystems [2]. The vehicle fleet is responsible for most of the primary emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) [3]. Decreasing the emissions of precursor gases (NMHC and NOx) according to atmospheric reactivity is one of the possible ways to decrease the concentrations of tropospheric ozone
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