Abstract
ABSTRACT Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) are known to have antimicrobial properties, but studies on sporotrichosis are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix spp. activity of essential oils from commercial products and oils extracted from aerial parts of these plants and analyze their chemical constituents. S. schenckii complex and S. brasiliensis (n: 25) isolated from humans, cats, dogs, and environmental soil were tested through M27-A3 guidelines of CLSI with modification for phytotherapics. The essential oils of R. officinalis L. were similar for MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL for extracted oil; and 4.5mg/mL and 9mg/mL, respectively, for commercial oil. Both products showed MIC90 of 18mg/mL and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. In O. vulgare L., the extracted oil had better activity with MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL, and MIC90 and MFC90 of 4.5mg/mL, whereas the commercial oil showed MIC50 and MFC50 of 9mg/mL and MIC90 18mg/mL, respectively, and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. Through gas chromatography (CG/FID), thymol and α-terpinene were majority for extracted oil of O. vulgare L., and carvacrol and γ-terpinene made up the majority of the commercial oil. Both essential oils of R. officinalis L. showed 1,8-cineole and α-pinene as major. The fungal isolates were susceptible to all tested essential oils, including in itraconazole-resistant S. brasiliensis isolates. The extracted and commercial oils of the plants presented in vitro anti-Sporothrix spp. activity, and they are promising for treatment of sporotrichosis, including in cases refractory to itraconazole. More studies should be performed about toxicity and in vivo efficacy for its safe use.
Highlights
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide mycosis in humans and animals with importance in public health and has as etiological agents the species of Sporothrix schenckii complex (Marimon et al, 2007, 2008; Pereira et al, 2010)
In the Lamiaceae family, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) are aromatic plants that are widely used in the culinary arts and have therapeutic applications, and they produce essential oils containing phenolic compounds that are highly related to antimicrobial properties (Bozin et al, 2007; Luqman et al, 2007)
One isolate from a cat was resistant to minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and five from cats and one from a dog were to minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) (Tab. 1)
Summary
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide mycosis in humans and animals with importance in public health and has as etiological agents the species of Sporothrix schenckii complex (Marimon et al, 2007, 2008; Pereira et al, 2010). The treatment of choice in humans and animals is recommended with itraconazole due to its efficacy and therapeutic safety, but the emergence of resistant strains has been reported (Marimon et al, 2008; Pereira et al, 2010; Rodrigues et al, 2014a) This problem has stimulated the search for new effective chemical compounds, such as in plants extracts, and their use in popular medicine to treat, cure, and prevent diseases is one of the most ancient human practices (Veiga Jr. et al, 2005; Jiang et al, 2011; Vale-Silva et al, 2012). The quality of the commercial product should be controlled because adulteration can cause therapeutic inefficiency and even side effects, such as the mixture of volatile oils with different qualities to promote higher yield (Simões et al, 2003; Veiga Jr. et al, 2005)
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