Effects of essential oils distilled from some medicinal and aromatic plants against root knot nematode (<i>Meloidogyne hapla</i>)

Abstract

Essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants are important and promissing to manage the nematological problems in agriculture. In this study, five of the plants including Origanum onites , Salvia officinalis , Lippia citriodora , Mentha spicata and Mentha longifolia for egg hatching inhibition and four of the plants including Mentha piperita , Foeniculum vulgare , Coriandrum sativum and Ocimum basilicum for juvenile mortality were tested on Meloidogyne hapla under laboratory conditions. The oils were achieved by using water distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus. As the results of egg hatching trial, the highest egg hatching inhibition rate was found as 54% for O. onites. In addition, the other inhibition rates varied as 31.4%, 21.6%, 23.8%, 25.7% for the other plants, S. officinalis , M. longifolia , M. spicata and L. citriodora , respectively. Essential oil of each plant components were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Carvacrol was found as the main component (68.8%) of O. onites followed by Thujone 27.7% for S. officinalis , I-Menthone 76.9% for M. longifolia , Carvone 27.1% for M. spicata and Citral 19.3% for L. citriodora . For the juveile mortality, Mentha piperita showed the highest mortality rate as 93.2% and was followed by F. vulgare 72.9%, C. sativum 69.3% and O. basilicum 64.9%. The main component of the used plants were Carvone 39.3%, Anethole 40.2%, Linalool 81.3% and Linalool 54.6%, respectively. Keywords: Essential oil, Medicinal and aromatic plants, Meloidogyne hapla