Abstract
Essential oils from different plant species were found to contain different compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to be a valid alternative to conventional chemotherapy that is limited in long-term use due to its serious side effects. Generally, the first mechanism by which an organism counteracts injurious stimuli is inflammation, which is considered a part of the innate immune system. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease caused by a dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome that triggers an exacerbated immune response of the host. The immune–inflammatory component leads to the destruction of gingival and alveolar bone tissue. The main anti-inflammation strategies negatively modulate the inflammatory pathways and the involvement of inflammatory mediators by interfering with the gene’s expression or on the activity of some enzymes and so affecting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These effects are a possible target from an effective and safe approach, suing plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence about the effects of essentials oils from derived from plants of the Lamiaceae family as complementary agents for the treatment of subjects with periodontitis and their possible effect on the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
Highlights
Anaerobic bacteria are considered as periodontal pathogens, and the following have been highlighted: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Eikenella spp. and Capnocytophaga spp
Recently Anusha D. et al assessed the efficacy of mouthwash containing essential oils (EOs) and curcumin (MEC) as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among RA subjects with chronic periodontitis
The results revealed that MEC as an adjunct to SRP as an effective approach in reducing the disease activity of both RA and chronic periodontitis [73]
Summary
Periodontal disease is classically defined as a chronic inflammatory lesion, and gingivitis and periodontitis are the most common diseases derived from periodontium involvement [1]. Established injury, an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting of T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils, appears, followed by an increase in collagenolytic activity and more collagen-producing fibroblasts This stage corresponds to moderate to severe gingivitis [12]. It should be highlighted that periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that requires interdisciplinary treatment concepts and the selection of a therapy that affects the microbiological nature of the disease [13] In this regard, the recently introduced classification of periodontal diseases [14] aims to identify well-defined clinical entities using clear criteria that are able to link diagnosis with prevention and treatment, moving towards precision and individualized dentistry [15]. Still there is not enough scientific evidence on this topic [20,21]
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