Abstract
BackgroundEnzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition.MethodsForty Japanese males who played American football (age: 19.8 ± 1.4 years; body height: 174.1 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 75.5 ± 10.7 kg) were assigned to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of parallel group. Participants received either EMIQ in whey protein (EW, n = 19) or contrast whey protein (W, n = 20) 6 days per week over 4 months. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of oxidative stress, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), were assessed using a free radical analytical system. Data were analyzed using a univariate and repeated measures general model statistics.ResultsAfter 4 months, changes in lower limb fat-free mass and muscle mass were significantly greater in the EW group than in the W group (mean change ±95% CI; W: 324.1 ± 284.3, EW: 950.3 ± 473.2, p = 0.031, W: 255.7 ± 288.6, EW: 930.9 ± 471.5, p = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, the EW group exhibited a significantly higher BAP/d-ROMs ratio, antioxidation index, than the W group after 4 months (mean change ± SD; W: 8.8 ± 1.1, EW: 10.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.028). No significant differences in body mass, lean body mass, fat mass, or lower limb fat mass were observed between the groups.ConclusionIngestion of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder for 4 months exerts antioxidant effects and increases muscle mass among American football players.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000036036. Retrospectively registered in 2019.
Highlights
Modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice
There were no significant differences in nutrient intake during between the W and Whey protein powder containing EMIQ (EW) groups at 4 months, suggesting that dietary habits had no effect on the results (Table 2)
red blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC) counts, Hb, Ht, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Crea, alanine transaminase (ALT), PLT, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) increased from baseline to 4 months, possibly because of the strenuous training
Summary
Modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. It is difficult for humans to absorb rutin [3]; it is converted to quercetin and its metabolites prior to absorption. Modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), enzymatically modified rutin, and α-glycosyl isoquercitrin are glucosyl derivatives of quercetin. EMIQ is manufactured from rutin through enzymatic modification. The enzymatic treatment increases the water solubility of EMIQ; the bioavailability of EMIQ is approximately 17 times that of quercetin and 45 times that of rutin [4]. EMIQ is more absorbed in humans [5]. EMIQ is expected to provide greater health benefits than quercetin and rutin. EMIQ is approved as a safe food additive and an antioxidant [6, 7]
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