Abstract
Based on the data of 59 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2019, this paper uses the Slack Based Measure-Global Malmquist Luenberger (SBM-GML) model to measure green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the cities. Under the space–time concept of the Basin, heterogeneity analysis of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin is conducted. On this basis, a panel Tobit model is constructed to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on GTFP in the whole basin, upstream region, middle region and downstream region. The results show that the intensity of environmental regulation in the Yellow River Basin increases gradually, which is the highest in the lower reaches, followed by the middle reaches; spatially, the intensity of environmental regulation shows a certain aggregation trend. The green economic growth is realized in the whole basin, and the green technology progress effect is the driving factor of GTFP. The GTFP distribution in the upstream region is relatively concentrated, showing a slow upward trend. The distribution of GTFP in the middle reaches is discrete, and the annual difference is large. In the downstream region, it shows a trend of decline first and then increase. Environmental regulation promotes GTFP in the whole basin, upper, middle and lower reaches, accompanied by certain spatial differences. The Yellow River Basin breaks through the cost effect brought by environmental regulation and triggers technological innovation, thereby enhancing GTFP; the “Porter hypothesis” has been verified in the Yellow River Basin.
Highlights
Environmental regulation is a kind of constraint which aims at environmental protection, targets individuals or organizations, and exists in the form of tangible system or intangible consciousness [1]
This paper analyzes the impact of environmental regulation and other factors on green total factor productivity (GTFP) in the whole basin, upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin
The Yellow River Basin breaks through the cost effect brought by environmental regulation and triggers technological innovation, thereby enhancing GTFP
Summary
Environmental regulation is a kind of constraint which aims at environmental protection, targets individuals or organizations, and exists in the form of tangible system or intangible consciousness [1]. Different scholars have classified environmental regulation from different perspectives, among which the most representative is Francisco’s classification standard. He divides environmental regulation into command and control environmental regulation, market-driven environmental regulation, and voluntary environmental regulation policy [2]. China is one of the first developing countries to take the protection of the environment as a basic national policy, and is a party and promoter of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol [3]; its environmental regulations are increasingly stringent [4]. Energy consumption and pollution emissions are included in the traditional TFP
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