Abstract
Three energy storage systems, namely Nickel Zinc, Nickel Metal Hydride and Lithium ion batteries were simulated on ADVISOR (Advanced vehicle simulator) to determine their impact on fuel economy. ADVISOR, a drivetrain analysis tool developed in MATLAB/Simulink for comparing fuel economy and emissions performance and designed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory by Ford, GM, and Chrysler was used for the simulations. In choosing the batteries for simulations, only the latest technological advanced batteries of NiZn, Li ion and NiMH were used. The results showed that NiZn battery influence in fuel economy and system efficiency far exceeds the other batteries especially for the combined Powertrain. While a lithium ion battery is seen to be well suited for Parallel and Series powertrains at higher speeds, average values for all drive cycle singles out NiZn as a better performing battery. NiMH showed the worst performance. This confirms NiMH, which is the predominant energy storage system today in the HEV industry, is deficient in advancing the growth of HEV’s.Keywords: power trains; hybrid energy storage; hybrid electric vehicle; combined hybrid; parallel hybrid
Highlights
Ever rising crude oil prices and stricter standard emission regulations have put a lot of pressure on automotive manufacturers to produce more fuel efficient and zero emission cars(Cao and Emadi, 2012, Dagci et al, 2015)
Depending on the power demands of an hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and the State of Charge of the battery, power output must be varied for peak performance and fuel economy
In order to operate in a peak condition, the NiMH gave the least power output resulting in it having the lowest fuel economy (54mpg)
Summary
Ever rising crude oil prices and stricter standard emission regulations have put a lot of pressure on automotive manufacturers to produce more fuel efficient and zero emission cars(Cao and Emadi, 2012, Dagci et al, 2015). Developing Powertrain systems for automotive vehicles with higher fuel efficiency and lesser emissions without sacrificing high performance level is an enormous challenge to the automotive industry (Bayindir et al, 2011). By combining benefits of electric vehicles and conventional vehicles, Hybrid electric vehicles are known to produce almost zero emissions, low noise, and faster responses are more reliable (Ayetor et al, 2013, Chung and Hung, 2015). A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is described as one with two energy storage systems both of which must provide propulsion together or independently (Tate et al, 2008, Cuma and Koroglu, 2015). The sources of propulsion have both conventional IC engine or fuel cells and electric motors. There are approximately 40 various viable hybrid topologies each having specific advantages and drawbacks (Yilmaz and Krein, 2013)
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