Effects of Energy Cane (Saccharum spp.) Juice on Corn Ethanol (Zea mays) Fermentation Efficiency: Integration towards a More Sustainable Production

Pietro Sica,Antonio Sampaio Baptista,Manuella Silverio,Laysa Maciel Lewandowski Meira Prado,Rubens Perez Calegari,Pedro Granja,Bianca Chaves Martins,Elias Miguel De Carvalho,Eduardo De Castro Mattos

doi:10.3390/fermentation7010030

Abstract

Despite being considered renewable, corn (Zea mays) ethanol still generates much debate over the use of fossil fuels in its production and is considered less sustainable than sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) ethanol. In Brazil, corn ethanol is starting to be produced in the Center-West and is expected to increase with the RenovaBio, a promising policy for biofuels adoption. In this context, energy cane (Saccharum spp.) is a biomass crop with high yields that can provide bagasse to supply the energy demand of the corn ethanol industry and provide juice with about 10% sugar content. However, the effects of introducing its juice in the production process are unknown. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of adding energy cane juice in corn ethanol production. Energy cane juice brings several advantages: (i) It provides sugars that can reduce by almost 50% the amount of corn and enzymes used, (ii) reduces the amount of water needed for ethanol production, and (iii) increases significantly the fermentation efficiency from 86.4% to 90.8% by providing minerals that support yeast growth. Therefore, energy cane can be integrated into the corn ethanol production process, making the fermentation more efficient and the production systems more sustainable.

Highlights

In 2005, Brazil [1] and the USA [2] produced about 15.8 million m3 and 14.8 million m3 of ethanol, respectively
External water was not used in the proposed treatment, which had the corn diluted in the energy cane juice
Energy cane showed great potential to be integrated into the corn ethanol production system

Summary

Introduction

In 2005, Brazil [1] and the USA [2] produced about 15.8 million m3 and 14.8 million m3 of ethanol, respectively. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is a federal program in the USA that originated with the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and expanded by the Energy Independence and Security. Using the Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) as credits for renewable fuels producers [6]. These initiatives led to an increase in corn (Zea mays) ethanol produced in the USA. In Brazil, the corn ethanol demand is expected to grow with the federal program

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Conclusion