Abstract
BackgroundMicronutrients in oil reduce one or more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, while the contents of micronutrients in oil are relatively poor, which is insufficient to reverse the metabolic disorders at different stages of progress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous micronutrients in optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil and restoratively added or fortified micronutrients in traditional refined rapeseed oil (restoring micronutrients to be nearly equal to or significantly higher than levels in crude rapeseed oil) on the antioxidant status and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed high-fat diets containing different rapeseed oils for 4 weeks, including the standard refined rapeseed oil(SRO), optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil(CRO) and the traditional refined rapeseed oil with restorative addition or fortification of micronutrients (LF, HF-SRO).ResultsCRO exhibited significant increases in contents of tocopherols (+13%), phytosterols (+34%), polyphenols (+92%) and phospholipids (+725%) compared with SRO, as well as the total antioxidant capacities (+82-125%) (p < 0.05). While the HF-SRO revealed improved antioxidant properties in vitro than the CRO, which was comparable to LF-SRO. Significant improved plasma antioxidant capacities and lipid peroxidation evaluated by T-AOC, GSH, tocopherols and MDA were found in rats fed HF-SRO when compared with CRO and LF-SRO (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HF-SRO also decreased the plasma and hepatic TC levels compared to CRO and LF-SRO, accompanying higher fecal cholesterol excretion (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe standard refined rapeseed oil with fortification, not restorative addition of micronutrients was comparable to the optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil in improving the antioxidant status and lipid profile of high-fat fed rats.
Highlights
Micronutrients in oil reduce one or more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, while the contents of micronutrients in oil are relatively poor, which is insufficient to reverse the metabolic disorders at different stages of progress
While LFand HF-standard rapeseed oil (SRO) exhibited higher values of oxidative stability index (OSI) than SRO accompanied by the exogenous addition of phytosterols and tocopherols, and there were significant differences between the HF-SRO and cold-pressed rapeseed oil (CRO) (p < 0.05)
The results indicated that the total antioxidant capacities of rapeseed oils determined by DPPH method were not similar to that analyzed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method
Summary
Micronutrients in oil reduce one or more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, while the contents of micronutrients in oil are relatively poor, which is insufficient to reverse the metabolic disorders at different stages of progress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous micronutrients in optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil and restoratively added or fortified micronutrients in traditional refined rapeseed oil (restoring micronutrients to be nearly equal to or significantly higher than levels in crude rapeseed oil) on the antioxidant status and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats. More recent studies in animals and humans have demonstrated the bioactivity of micronutrients (phytosterols, tocopherols, phospholipids, phenols and CoQ9+ CoQ10) from rapeseed oil in reducing the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases by significantly improving the triglyceride and cholesterol profiles, reducing LDL oxidation and optimizing the endogenous antioxidant status [2,3,4]. Some optimized processing technologies that favorably preserve higher contents of bioactive compounds have been studied, including cooking and pressing after dehulling or flaking, hexane extraction after cold-pressed procedure, and ethanol extraction after twin-screw extrusion [2,3,4,7]
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