Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of elevated temperature on the growth, morphology and spatial orientation of lupine roots at the initial stages of development and on the formation of lupine root architecture at later stages. Two lupine species were studied—the invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and the non-invasive L. luteus L. The plants were grown in climate chambers under 25 °C and simulated warming at 30 °C conditions. The angle of root curvature towards the vector of gravity was measured at the 48th hour of growth, and during a 4-h period after 90° reorientation. Root biometrical, histological measurements were carried out on 7-day-old and 30-day-old plants. The elevation of 5 °C affected root formation of the two lupine species differently. The initial roots of L. polyphyllus were characterized by worse spatial orientation, reduced growth and reduced mitotic index of root apical meristem at 30 °C compared with 25 °C. The length of primary roots of 30-day-old lupines and the number of lateral roots decreased by 14% and 16%, respectively. More intense root development and formation were observed in non-invasive L. luteus at 30 °C. Our results provide important information on the effect of elevated temperature on the formation of root architecture in two lupine species and suggest that global warming may impact the invasiveness of these species.
Highlights
The world is experiencing ongoing global climate change, which can have serious consequences on plants, including changes in the availability of certain nutrients
In the early stages of growth, the spatial orientation of the initial roots of both lupines depended on the temperature—the angle of curvature of the initial roots of L. polyphyllus was closer to the gravity vector than L. luteus at 25 ◦ C
Elevated temperature impacted the formation of root architecture of two lupine species while influencing their invasiveness
Summary
The world is experiencing ongoing global climate change, which can have serious consequences on plants, including changes in the availability of certain nutrients. Any changes in the growth or morphological modifications of root systems may provoke undesirable consequences in nutrient uptake [4]. It is recognized that many aspects of plant metabolism are accelerated by elevated temperatures [5,6] Other environmental factors such as water, nutrients and temperature have a strong influence on root structure [7]. It is evident that the optimum root temperature of plants varies depending on the species. Within this range, higher temperatures are generally associated with modified root-to-shoot ratios, while further increases in temperature would reduce root development and cause a change in RSA, reducing the root-to-shoot ratio [10]
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