Abstract
To assess the impacts of ozone (O3) on carbon metabolism of subtropical broadleaved tree species, seedlings of Phoebe bournei and Phoebe zhennan were exposed to elevated O3 levels in open-top chambers (OTCs) from June to November 2014. Three treatments were conducted in nine total OTCs, including charcoal-filter air (CF) as a control treatment, low O3 treatment ‘O3-1’ (∼100 nl l-1), and high O3 treatment ‘O3-2’ (∼150 nl l-1). Our findings demonstrated that elevated O3 levels significantly decreased the net photosynthesis rates (Pn) and leaf, root, and total biomass of both species, while it did not significantly affect the root/shoot ratio in P. bournei and P. zhennan. O3-1 treatments significantly increased water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in leaves of both tree species, while only increased the total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and starch in leaves of P. bournei; effects on P. zhennan were equivalent in comparison to the control treatment (CF). Likewise, there was no effect of treatment on the polysaccharide content of both tree species. The contents of polysaccharide, starch contents in fine roots of both species, and TNC in fine roots of P. bournei increased significantly in O3-1 compared to CF. O3-2 treatment significantly decreased starch and TNC in the fine roots of P. bournei, and significantly decreased polysaccharide, starch, WSC, and TNC in the fine roots of P. zhennan. Elevated O3 had no effects on leaf polysaccharide in both species, but O3-1 significantly increased polysaccharide in the fine roots of both species, and O3-1 significantly increased WSC in the leaves while decreased that in the fine roots of both species. These results suggested that elevated O3 levels have significant impacts on the carbon metabolism of both tree species in our study, with differential responses between tree species and among leaves and roots.
Highlights
Ground-level ozone (O3) is potentially the most phytotoxic air pollutant for vegetation (Degl’Innocenti et al, 2002; Bytnerowicz et al, 2003), especially trees in forested ecosystems (Matyssek and Sandermann, 2003; Gerosa et al, 2015; Marco et al, 2015)
Compared with charcoal-filter air (CF), leaf, roots and total biomass of P. bournei significantly decreased by 66.49%, 51.78, and 44.04% in O3-1 treatment, and 57.78%, FIGURE 1 | 8-h mean O3 concentration of three treatments during the exposure period
Relative to CF, leaf, root and total biomass of P. zhennan were reduced by 43.16%, 34.09%, and 42.53% in O3-1 treatment and 58.26%, 45.33%, and 50.48% in O3-2 treatment
Summary
Ground-level ozone (O3) is potentially the most phytotoxic air pollutant for vegetation (Degl’Innocenti et al, 2002; Bytnerowicz et al, 2003), especially trees in forested ecosystems (Matyssek and Sandermann, 2003; Gerosa et al, 2015; Marco et al, 2015). The frequency of O3 pollution events in the lower troposphere has been observed to increase during the photochemically active seasons in these developing areas, which suggested significant deleterious effects of O3 elevation on regional air quality (Gao et al, 2005; Tie et al, 2009; Dufour et al, 2010). O3 has been shown to increase both the enzyme activity associated with general plant defense mechanisms and the antioxidant concentration (Caregnato et al, 2013; Kumari et al, 2015). Elevated O3 could increase both the enzyme activity associated with general plant defense mechanisms and the antioxidant concentration (Keutgen et al, 2005; Caregnato et al, 2013; Kumari et al, 2015)
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