Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) on the proliferation and differentiation of human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs). Osteogenesis is a complex series of events involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to generate new bone. In this study, we examined not merely the effect of ELF-PEMFs on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization of the extracellular matrix but vinculin, vimentin, and calmodulin (CaM) expressions in hABMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Exposure of hABMSCs to ELF-PEMFs increased proliferation by 15% compared to untreated cells at day 5. In addition, exposure to ELF-PEMFs significantly increased ALP expression during the early stages of osteogenesis and substantially enhanced mineralization near the midpoint of osteogenesis within 2 weeks. ELF-PEMFs also increased vinculin, vimentin, and CaM expressions, compared to control. In particular, CaM indicated that ELF-PEMFs significantly altered the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The results indicated that ELF-PEMFs could enhance early cell proliferation in hABMSCs-mediated osteogenesis and accelerate the osteogenesis.
Highlights
We established an in vitro cell stimulation culture that was based on extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) which were performed to find out the effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Cell morphologies were shown in representative optical microscopic images (Figure 3(a), n = 3) of human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs) stimulated by ELF-PEMFs induction for 4 days in one of the following exposure conditions: static condition (a1–c1) or ELF-PEMFs induction at 10 Hz/day (a2–c2), 50 Hz/day (a3–c3), and 100 Hz/day
This study was performed to investigate the effects of ELFPEMFs induction on the proliferation and differentiation of hABMSCs
Summary
We established an in vitro cell stimulation culture that was based on extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) which were performed to find out the effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs). ELF-PEMFs stimulation may be clinically beneficial in the treatment of fracture healing, especially in nonunions [1,2,3]. Aaron and Ciombor suggested that ELF-PEMFs-enhanced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is most likely responsible for the increase in extracellular matrix synthesis and bone maturation [5]. Little is known about direct ELF-PEMFsinduced effects on osteoprogenitor cells as the most likely cell population contributing to the osteogenic response [6,7,8,9].
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