Abstract
The Maritime Continent (MC) is positioned between the Asian and Australian summer monsoons zone. The complex topography and shallow seas around it are major challenges for the climate researchers to model and understand it. It is also the centre of the tropical warm pool of Southeast Asia (SEA) and therefore the MC gets extra attention of the researchers. The monsoon in this area is affected by inter-scale ocean-atmospheric interactions such as the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Monsoon rainfall in the MC (especially in Indonesia and Malaysia) profoundly exhibits its variability dependence on ocean-atmospheric phenomena in this region. This monsoon shift often introduces to dreadful events like biomass burning (BB) in Southeast Asia (SEA) in which some led to severe trans-boundary haze pollution events in the past. In this study, the BB episode of 2015 in the MC is highlighted and discussed. Observational satellite datasets are tested by performing simulations with the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecast—Advanced research WRF). Observed and model datasets are compared to study the surface air temperature and precipitation (rainfall) anomalies influenced by ENSO, IOD, and MJO. Links amongst these influences have been recognised and the delayed precipitation of the regular monsoon in the MC due to their influence during the 2015 BB episode is explained and accounted for, which eventually led to the intensification of fire and a severe haze.
Highlights
In climate research, the maritime continent (MC) is one of the most crucial regions [1]
The inter-scale interactions of intra-seasonal and mesoscale variability forced by diurnal affects errors are often found in the climate models of the Maritime Continent (MC) [6]
MEI datasets are used in this study and collected from the regularly updated archive of the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [27]
Summary
The maritime continent (MC) is one of the most crucial regions [1]. Intra-seasonal variability in the MC is caused by another important ocean-atmosphere phenomenon—MJO It is associated with enhanced or suppressed convection along with cloudiness, which, with a period of 30 to 90 days on average, propagates from the Indian Ocean towards the Pacific Ocean [23]. Transboundary haze episodes of Malaysia and Indonesia introduce the local climate to catastrophic air pollution events, which contribute to the climate variability of the SEA region. The BB episode of 2015 earned its global attention due to its large coverage and trans-boundary haze propagation It is not well studied by climate experts so far. This study is focused especially on the 2015 BB episode of SEA It aims to investigate the possibilities of interactional influences of ocean-atmosphere events (ENSO, IOD, and MJO) on the intensification of the episode. The ENSO and IOD correlations with their single and concurrent effects and MJO effects on precipitation (rainfall) are investigated and the outcomes are discussed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
