Effects of drynaria total flavonoid on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at different glucose concentrations: experiment with rats

Abstract

To study the effects of drynaria total flavonoid on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at different glucose concentrations. BMSCs of SD rats were isolated, cultivated in vitro, and divided into 6 groups to be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts under different conditions: (1) low glucose control group, (2) high glucose control group, (3) low glucose classical induction group (sodium glycerophosphate+vitamin C+dexamethasone), (4) high glucose classical induction group (sodium glycerophosphate+vitamin C+dexamethasone), (5) low glucose+drynaria total flavonoid group, and (6) high glucose with drynaria total flavonoid group. Alkaline phosphate (ALP) test kit was used to examine the level of ALP. The ALP staining positive rate was examined with modified calcium cobalt method. Alizarin red staining was adopted to observe the number of calcium nodes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect type I collagen level. Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) were tested by ELISA. The A value indicating the ALP activity, ALP staining positive rate, calcium node number, and type I collagen expression score of the low glucose+drynaria total flavonoid group were (0.439±0.024), 48.7%, (9.75±1.71) nodes/HP, and (2.21±0.07) respectively, all significantly higher than those of the sodium glycerophosphate+vitamin C+dexamethasone [(0.385±0.029), 35.0%, (6.25±0.96) nodes/HP, and (1.93±0.13) respectively, all P<0.05]. The A value, ALP staining positive rate, calcium node number, and type I collagen expression score of the high glucose with drynaria total flavonoid group were (0.352±0.022), 25.3%, (4.50±1.29)/HP, and (1.70±0.03) respectively, all significantly higher than those of the sodium glycerophosphate+vitamin C+dexamethasone [(0.139±0.013), 22.7%, (3.25±1.50)/HP, and (1.28±0.27) respectively, all P<0.05]. The AGE expression levels of the high glucose classical induction group and high glucose+drynaria total flavonoid group were both significantly higher than those of the low glucose classical induction group and low glucose+drynaria total flavonoid group (both P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the AGE level among the low glucose control, low glucose classical induction, and low glucose+drynaria total flavonoid groups (all P<0.05); and among the high glucose control, high glucose classical induction, and high glucose+drynaria total flavonoid groups (all P<0.05). However, the AGE levels of the high glucose groups were all significantly higher than those of the corresponding low glucose groups (all P<0.05). Glucose increased the AGE levels dose- and time-dependently. The concentrations of AGEs were significantly negatively correlated with the expression of type I collagen (r=-0.410, P<0.05). Drynaria total flavonoid promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and relieves the inhibitory effect of osteogenic differentiation by glucose at high concentration. Thus drynaria total flavonoid may provide a potential therapy for diabetic osteoporosis.