Abstract
Background: Drop jumps (DJ) are commonly implemented in plyometric training programs in an attempt to enhance jump performance. However, it is unknown how different drop heights (DH) affect reactive strength index (RSI), jump height (JH) and ground contact time (GCT). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of various DHs on RSI, JH, and GCT. Methods: Twenty volunteers with a history of plyometric training (Males = 13, Females = 7; age: 22.80 ± 2.69 yr, height: 175.65 ± 11.81 cm, mass: 78.32 ± 13.50 kg) performed DJs from 30 cm (DJ30), 45 cm (DJ45), 60 cm (DJ60), 76 cm (DJ76), and 91 cm (DJ91) and a countermovement jump (0 cm). A 16-camera Vicon system was used to track reflective markers to calculate JH; a Kistler force plate was used to record GCT. RSI was calculated by dividing JH by GCT. RSI and GCT were compared using a 2x5 (sex x DH) mixed factor repeated measures ANOVA, while JH was compared using a 2x6 (sex x DH) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There were no interactions, but there was a main effect for sex for both JH (M>F) and GCT (F>M). JH demonstrated no main effect for DH: DJ30 (0.49 ± 0.11 m), DJ45 (0.50 ± 0.11 m), DJ60 (0.49 ± 0.12 m), DJ76 (0.50 ± 0.11 m), and DJ91 (0.48 ± 0.12 m). However, GCT showed a main effect where DJ30 (0.36 ± 0.10 s), DJ45 (0.36 ± 0.12 s), and DJ60 (0.37 ± 0.10 s) were not significantly different but were less than DJ76 (0.40 ± 0.12 s) and DJ91 (0.42 ± 0.12 s). Conclusions: Increasing DH beyond 60 cm increased GCT but did not affect JH, resulting in decreased RSI. Therefore, practitioners designing plyometric training programs that implement DJs may utilize DHs up to 60 cm, thereby minimizing GCT without compromising JH.
Highlights
Jump height (JH) is an important component in sports, such as basketball and volleyball, which require explosive lower body power (Archer et al, 2016)
reactive strength index (RSI) was calculated by dividing JH by ground contact time (GCT)
JH demonstrated no main effect for drop heights (DH): DJs from 30 cm (DJ30) (0.49 ± 0.11 m), DJ45 (0.50 ± 0.11 m), DJ60 (0.49 ± 0.12 m), DJ76 (0.50 ± 0.11 m), and DJ91 (0.48 ± 0.12 m)
Summary
Jump height (JH) is an important component in sports, such as basketball and volleyball, which require explosive lower body power (Archer et al, 2016). One method of training to increase vertical jump performance is plyometric exercise, which utilize the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), a reflex muscle function that occurs when a muscle is stretched immediately before being contracted (Young, Pryor, & Wilson, 1995). DJs require an individual to drop from a designated height and immediately perform a rebound vertical jump (Byrne, Moran, Rankin, & Kinsella, 2010; Flanagan, Ebben, & Jensen, 2008; Stieg et al, 2011; Struzik, Pietraszewski, & Rokita, 2016; Suchomel, Bailey, Sole, Grazer, & Beckham, 2015; Taube, Leukel, Lauber, & Gollhofer, 2012; Young et al, 1995); DJs can be used to assess the reactive strength index (RSI) (Flanagan et al, 2008). Drop jumps (DJ) are commonly implemented in plyometric training programs in an attempt to enhance jump performance It is unknown how different drop heights (DH) affect reactive strength index (RSI), jump height (JH) and ground contact time (GCT). Practitioners designing plyometric training programs that implement DJs may utilize DHs up to 60 cm, thereby minimizing GCT without compromising JH
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