Abstract
The oceans contain a vast amount of potential resources for pharmaceuticals and nutritional supplements. Recently, the most widely available component of the oceans, seawater (SW), has been incorporated into supplements designed to improve physical performance and overall health but the efficacy of this is currently unknown. PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of consuming a SW-based electrolyte drink during a resistance-training (RT) program on kidney health, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk in older adults. METHODS: 56 sedentary older adults (71.3±6.2 yr) were divided into three groups: control group (CG) (n=18) that continued normal activities without additional physical training or nutritional supplementation; placebo group (PG) (n=19) that drank a 20 ml sample of mineral water before and after each training session; and a SW group (SWG) (n=19) that consumed a 20 ml sample of electrolyte drink (Totum Sport) before and after each training session. A 12 wk RT program using elastic bands was performed on 2 d/wk with 6 exercises and 4 sets of 6 repetitions. Isometric strength for the upper (vertical row (VR)) and lower (horizontal leg press (HLP)) extremities, levels of creatinine and urea (kidney health indicators), and atherogenic index (AI) (cardiovascular health indicator) were assessed pre and post training. RESULTS: SWG significantly (p<0.05) improved VR (+44.6%) and HLP (+52.8%), significantly reduced urea levels (-6.6%) and AI (-4.9%), and showed a trend towards reducing creatinine levels (-5.4%). PG significantly improved VR (+29.3%) and HLP (+52.5%), and significantly reduced AI (-4.50%) with no changes in urea and creatinine values. There were no significant differences between the exercise groups. VR (+9.5%), urea (+5.4%), and creatinine (+1.3%) did not change in CG but there were significant changes in AI (+14.1%) and HLP (-24.7%). There was not an interaction between groups for VR, HLP, and AI, but there was for urea and creatinine levels with CG showing significant differences compared to the exercise groups. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking SW while involved with a RT program may improve kidney health, cardiovascular health, and IS in older adults.
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