Abstract
Nanofluids are potential heat transfer fluids with improved thermophysical properties and heat transfer performance. Double diffusion convection plays an important role in natural processes and technical applications. The effect of double convection by diffusion is not limited to oceanography, but is also evident in geology, astrophysics, and metallurgy. For such a vital role of such factors in applications, the authors have presented the analytical solutions of pumping flow of third-grade nanofluid and described the effects of double diffusion convection through a compliant curved channel. The model used for the third-grade nanofluid includes the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Additionally, thermal energy expressions suggest regular diffusion and cross-diffusion terms. The governing equations have been constructed for incompressible laminar flow of the non-Newtonian nanofluid along with the assumption of long wavelength. The obtained analytical expressions for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration have been sketched for various considerable parameters. The effects of regular buoyancy ratio, buoyancy parameter, modified Dufour parameter, and Dufour-solutal Lewis number have been analyzed along with wall properties and pumping characteristics. This study concludes that fluid becomes hotter with increase in regular buoyancy ratio and a modified Dufour parameter, but a decrease in temperature is observed for the buoyancy parameter. Moreover, the solutal concentration is behaving inversely against the Defour-Solutal Lewis number.
Highlights
Nanofluid has served in a number of engineering applications, for example, porous materials [1,2], fuel-cell industry [3], etc. due to its significant increase in the heat-transfer rate compared to conventional engineered fluid [4]
Keeping in mind the importance of above-discussed literature and wide range of applications of mixed convection phenomenon with nanoparticles in peristaltic flows, the authors converted their attention to exploring the theoretical effects of double diffusion over peristaltic flow of nanofluid having third-grade fluid as a base fluid through a curved channel along with wall properties
The above analysis composes the effects of double diffusion on pumping flow of non-Newtonian fluid travelling through a curved channel and described the wall properties
Summary
Nanofluid has served in a number of engineering applications, for example, porous materials [1,2], fuel-cell industry [3], etc. due to its significant increase in the heat-transfer rate compared to conventional engineered fluid [4]. A large number of studies on the peristaltic flow of conventional fluids are available, only a few articles have been reported on the peristaltic flow of nanofluids [15,16,17,18] In this regard, Akbar et al [19] investigated the copper nanoparticles impinging on a curved channel with compliant walls and peristalsis. Keeping in mind the importance of above-discussed literature and wide range of applications of mixed convection phenomenon with nanoparticles in peristaltic flows, the authors converted their attention to exploring the theoretical effects of double diffusion over peristaltic flow of nanofluid having third-grade fluid as a base fluid through a curved channel along with wall properties.
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