Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaulate the effectiveness of four DMI and strobilurion fungicide combinations in a season-long disease management programme against apple scab and powdery mildew in two integrated apple orchards on cultivar Jonagold. The four spray programmes were: i) standard, ii) DMI dominant iii) strobilurin dominant, and iv) DMI and strobilurin dominant. Apple scab incidence as generally high in both orchards in the standard fungicide treatment plots ranged between 21.8 and 26.4%. Leaf scab incidence was higher in all treatments compared to fruit incidence. Scab incidence was generally higher at Mándok compared to Ófehértó. In both locations the lowest scab incidence was assessed in DMI dominant treatment ranged between 5 to 10.7%, which was not signifi cantly different from the DMI and strobilurin dominant treatment. Powdery mildew incidence was generally low in both orchards in all fungicide treatments ranged between 0.002 and 0.5%. Although there were no signifi cant differences among treatments, the lowest powdery mildew incidence was assessed in the DMI and strobilurin dominant treatment in Mándok and in the strobilurin dominant treatment in Ófehértó.
Highlights
Rules and several tools for fungal disease management are well-defined and most of them are successfully implemented for environmentally friendly productions systems in apple (e.g. Zalom, 1993)
Apple scab incidence was generally high in both orchards in the standard fungicide treatment plots ranged between 21.8 and 26.4% (Figures 1 and 2)
In both locations the lowest scab incidence was assessed in DMI dominant treatment ranged between 5 to 10.7%, which was not significantly different from the DMI and strobilurin dominant treatment
Summary
Rules and several tools for fungal disease management are well-defined and most of them are successfully implemented for environmentally friendly productions systems in apple (e.g. Zalom, 1993). Growers can use only those fungicides which are sorted into ’green’ and ’yellow’ list of active ingredients by the international integrated fruit production guidelines, while many synthetic pesticides can be used in conventional apple production. In integrated apple orchards the most often used systemic fungicides are DMIs and strobilurins against the key diseases such as apple scab and powdery mildew The extensive use of DMI and strobilurin fungicides resulted in fungicide sensitivity reduction or fungicide resistance in apple scab and powdery mildew (e.g., Délye et al, 1997; Koller et al, 1997; Hollomon & Wheeler, 2002; Jobin & Carisse, 2007). Various combinations of DMI and stobilurin fungicides in a season-long disease management programme may contribute to a successful fungicide resistance strategy for both fungicide groups in the control of apple scab and apple powdery mildew
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