Effects of Dissolved Oxygen on Water Imbibition in Gas Shales

Abstract

Understanding the water uptake of gas shales is critical for designing and optimizing hydraulic fracturing operations during which a large volume of fracturing water containing dissolved oxygen is injected into tight reservoirs. Recent studies show that the dissolved oxygen may promote oxidation reactions which can affect salinity and pH value of flowback water; however, the effects of dissolved oxygen and oxidation reactions on water imbibition into the shale matrix and on the concentration of individual ions in flowback water are still poorly understood. In this study, we conduct water imbibition experiments under degassed and oxic conditions, and measure the imbibed water mass and concentrations of different ions in water. The results show that the initial rate and final amount of water imbibition are higher under degassed conditions compared with that under oxic conditions. These differences are mainly due to the enhanced dissolution of air in the shale pore network into the imbibing water under degas...