Abstract
The mycotoxin fumonisin is known to be harmful to humans and animals, and thus it is desirable to reduce fumonisin content in crop products. We explored the functions of several genes that function in fumonisin biosynthesis (FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, FUM19, and FUM21) in Fusarium proliferatum and found that deletion of FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, or FUM21 results in a severe reduction in fumonisin biosynthesis, while loss of FUM19 does not. In addition, fumonisin-deficient strains display significantly decreased pathogenicity. Co-cultivation of the ΔFUM1, ΔFUM6, ΔFUM8, and ΔFUM19 mutants restores fumonisin synthesis. However, co-cultivation was unable to restore fumonisin synthesis in the ΔFUM21 strain. The relative expression levels of three key FUM genes (FUM1, FUM6, and FUM8) differed significantly in each mutant strain; notably, the expression levels of these three genes were significantly down-regulated in the ΔFUM21 strain. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, and FUM21 are essential for fumonisin synthesis, and FUM19 is non-essential. Partial mutants lost the ability to synthesize fumonisin, the co-culture of the mutants was able to restore fumonisin biosynthesis. While the pathogenicity of F. proliferatum is affected by many factors, inhibition of the synthesis of the mycotoxin fumonisin will weaken the pathogenicity of rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD).
Highlights
IntroductionThe filamentous ascomycete Fusarium proliferatum (teleomorph Gibberella intermedia) infects commercially important plants such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, banana, and mango, resulting in losses in production quantity and crop quality [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
The filamentous ascomycete Fusarium proliferatum infects commercially important plants such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, banana, and mango, resulting in losses in production quantity and crop quality [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
In order to better understand the function of FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, FUM19, and FUM21 in fumonisin synthesis, we utilized a gene knockout approach
Summary
The filamentous ascomycete Fusarium proliferatum (teleomorph Gibberella intermedia) infects commercially important plants such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, banana, and mango, resulting in losses in production quantity and crop quality [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. In rice production, the annual average planting area of japonica rice varieties in China is approximately 7.5–8.4 million hm , and the annual incidence area of RSRD is 0.8–1 million hm. The seed setting rate of infected rice is reduced by. F. proliferatum is able to produce a variety of mycotoxins, including fumonisins, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid, fusaproliferin, and bikaverin [9,10,11,12,13]. Fumonisins are some of the most harmful fungal toxins and exert hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic, and cytotoxic
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