Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on grapevine sap flow and water consumption characteristics

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the sap flow characteristics and water consumption characteristics of grapevines in solar greenhouse of Northeast China. Setting three irrigation levels: the upper and lower limits of W1–W3 irrigation controls were 50% θf and 90% θf, 60% θf and 90% θf, and 70% θf and 90% θf, respectively, where θf (field water holding capacity) = 23% cm3 cm−3. Three fertilization levels were treated: low fertilizer F1 (60% CK), medium fertilizer F2 (75% CK), and high fertilizer F3 (90% CK). A control treatment (CK) was set up, and the upper and lower limits of CK irrigation control were 80% θf and 90% θf, respectively. The fertilization amount was N-P2O5-K2O = 260-119-485 kg ha−1, with a total of 10 treatments. Through the dynamic monitoring and systematic analysis of sap flow rate (SFR) and water consumption process of grapevines for three consecutive years (2017–2019), the results show that during the entire growth period, the daily SFR of grapevines treated with different water and fertilizer showed a single peak or multi peak trend and an obvious seasonal variability. Compared with different water and fertilizer treatments, CK inhibited the peak value of sap flow, and the maximum decrease was by 21.80%. Under different irrigation and fertilization levels, SFR was positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and air temperature (Ta); and the influence of meteorological factors on SFR reached a significant level (P < 0.05). The degree of influence was PAR, VPD, and Ta, respectively. The three-year water consumption fluctuated in the range of 191.42–376.22 mm. The ratio of plant transpiration (Tr) to ET was 70.89–86.15%. The results reveal the transpiration and physiological process of protected fruit trees, and the water consumption characteristics under different water and fertilizer treatments. This is helpful in improving tree irrigation and fertilization models in different areas with similar environmental conditions.