Effects of Different Variety and Phosphorus Fertilizer Applications on Grain Starch Characteristic and Nutrient Composition of Winter (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) in Shanxi Province Taigu China

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It plays an important role in ensuring food security and improving people's living standards in China. Few studies have been conducted on how to get high yield and efficient resource use efficiency simultaneously Therefore, field experiment with treatments using three varieties, Yangnong-1212 (YN1212), Shannong-29 (SN-29), Jimai-44 (JM-44) and three phosphorus (P) application rates (0, 150, and 300 kg ha−1, represented as P0, P150, and P300, respectively) were conducted from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that the yield with P application had an increase by 2.0%–4.8% compared to P0 treatment, however, there was no significant increase with further increase in P application. Grain yield was 33.6% and 14.1% higher in YN-1212 than that in SN-29 and JM-44, respectively. The longer growth duration, higher leaf area index at anthesis and stronger P uptake capacity led to higher dry matter accumulation for YN-1212. Higher dry matter production of YN-1212 was attributed to increased pre-anthesis dry weight and post-anthesis dry weight. YN-1212 had higher P use efficiency for grain production than SN-29 by 25.0% and JM-44 by 6.7%, respectively. Higher total P quantity of YN-1212 was observed than that in SN-29 and JM-44, which was due to higher pre-anthesis P uptake and post-anthesis P uptake. Therefore, YN-1212 could exhibited both high PUE and grain yield simultaneously with P application of 150 kg ha−1 in Middle Shanxi, China.