Abstract
This research aimed to study the effects of different types and rates of organic fertilizer on biomass yield, bioactive compounds, and heavy metals content of Phyllanthus niruri. Two types of organic fertilizers (animal-based and plant-based) with five different rates (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N ha−1) were used in this study. There was an interaction between fertilizer types and rates on biomass yield, heavy metals content, and bioactive compounds. Plants are grown with 400 kg N ha−1 of animal-based fertilizer, and plant-based fertilizer produced the highest fresh biomass. However, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin concentrations of P. niruri were not affected by applying animal-based and plant-based fertilizers at all rates. In addition, Cd and Pb concentrations also decreased with the increasing rate of organic fertilizer and were below the Malaysia Permissible Levels (MPLs). Therefore, animal-based fertilizer at 400 kg N ha−1 was selected as the optimum rate due to its reduced heavy metal concentration in plants and higher phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin yield.
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