Abstract
The pistachio green stink-bug, Brachynema germari is one of the most important pests of pistachio in Iran that annually causes significant damages to this strategic crop. In this research, the effects of different temperatures on the demography of B. germari were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experiments were conducted at five constant temperatures [20, 25, 27.5, 30 and 35 (±1) °C], on Ohadi cultivar. The lowest and the highest mortality rates in both the eggs and nymph stages were observed at 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The longest and shortest immature development times were observed at 20 °C (53.75 days) and 35 °C (18.42 days), respectively. The population growth parameters were significantly affected by the experimental temperatures. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) was severely reduced at 35 °C and the net reproductive rate (Ro) was also decreased by increasing temperature. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.05, 0.06, 0.06, 0.07 and 0.09 (day-1) at 20, 25, 27.5, 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Moreover, the lowest finite rate of increase (λ) (1.05 day-1) was observed at 20 °C, whereas the longest and shortest mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) occurred at 20 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Finally, the highest and lowest reproductive parameters values, including daily and total fecundity and fertility, were obtained at 20 °C and 35 °C. The results of this research could be useful in monitoring and efficient control of this pest
Highlights
MATERIAL AND METHODSPistachio (Pistacia vera L., Sapindales: Insect rearing Anacardiaceae) is a nut crop that ranks first among Adults of B. germari were collected from the pistachio different exportable agricultural crops in Iran (Sheibani orchards in Rafsanjan region located in southeastern et al, 1996)
Our results provided useful information about the growth, survival and reproduction of B. germari feeding on pistachio at five constant temperatures under laboratory conditions
Estimation of life table parameters can forecast the relationship between temperature and growth potential (Greenberg et al, 2005; Dong et al, 2007)
Summary
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L., Sapindales: Insect rearing Anacardiaceae) is a nut crop that ranks first among Adults of B. germari were collected from the pistachio different exportable agricultural crops in Iran (Sheibani orchards in Rafsanjan region located in southeastern et al, 1996). Nymphs were fed until the emergence of controlled in order to get a good crop The pistachio green stink-bug Brachynema One-day eggs were used for the experiments. Germari Kolenati (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of pistachio in Iran that was Demographic parameters study collected for the first time in summer of 1965 on The demographic parameters of B. germari were orchards from Kerman province (Nyman et al, 1967). The pistachio green stink-bug Brachynema One-day eggs were used for the experiments. germari Kolenati (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of pistachio in Iran that was Demographic parameters study collected for the first time in summer of 1965 on The demographic parameters of B. germari were orchards from Kerman province (Nyman et al, 1967). studied under 20, 25, 27.5, 30 and 35 ±1 °C in a growth
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