Effects of different organic waste amendments on soil microaggregates stability and molecular sizes of humic substances

Abstract

Three soils which had been amended for several years with pig slurry, cattle slurry, and sewage sludge were dry-sieved to obtain microaggregates in the size range of 250–125, 125–50, and <50 μm. With amendments, aggregate size distribution of whole soils was shifted to larger sizes, especially for the most fragile soil, whereas percent content of microaggregates decreased except for the lower size aggregates of the fragile soil. Particle size distribution of microaggregates revealed an increase in percent sand and a reduction of percent silt and clay in the <50 μg size fraction for all soils. These results showed the aggregation effect induced by the organic waste additions. Aggregate stability of microaggregates revealed significant correlation with humic substances content (humic acids alone and humic plus fulvic acids) and non significant with total organic matter substantiating the belief that humic substances are the predominant binding agents in this aggregation range. Molecular weight distribution of humic acids extracted from microaggregates of unamended soils demonstrated that the lower the soil aggregate size distribution, the larger the contribution of the high molecular weight fraction. All microaggregates from amended soils showed a progressive increase of the high molecular weight humic acids with decreasing size, reaching a maximum in the <50 μm fraction. In this aggregate size a parallel enhancement of the aggregate stability was also evident. It is concluded that a close relationship exists between aggregate stability and high molecular weight humic substances. Additions to soils of organic material containing high molecular weight constituents would represent a useful management practice to improve aggregate stability.