Abstract
This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO3−/NH4+), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO3−/NH4+ ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained. Particularly, the decrease in content of calcium, chloride and sulphate in plants under heat stress is ameliorated by the ammonium effect. Additionally, it is important to highlight that cauliflower waste contains a higher content of mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower. These effects were more marked in young leaves. Furthermore, a synergistic effect for coping with heat stress between the polyamine and the nutritional treatment was observed. For this, both the application of putrescine and the feeding of plants with a 50:50 NO3−/NH4+ ratio before heat stress is proposed for the first time as an agricultural practice for increasing the thermotolerance of cauliflower cv Moonshine. On the other hand, due to the lower lipid peroxidation rate obtained in cauliflower leaves, these plants could be used for health purposes as ointments or other nutraceutical products, making the cultivation of this kind of cruciferous more sustainable.
Highlights
It is known that plants in unstressed conditions absorb nitrogen mainly in its ammonium and nitrate forms, both the form of available nitrogen and the amount absorbed by the plant have an important effect on photosynthesis, growth and quality of the plant [15]
While it is true that the inhibition of photosynthesis with ammonia feeding could be due to ammonium toxicity, it has been reported that ammonium-fed plants could accumulate ammonia in their leaves, which can generate an uncoupling of electron transport in the photophosphorylation process carried out in the chloroplasts, leading to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis [24]
From the results presented it can be concluded that the cauliflower waste was richer in mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower
Summary
Botrytis) is a cruciferous plant whose cultivation and consumption has increased dramatically in recent years after it was reported that this cruciferous was an important source of bioactive compounds with the ability to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases and different types of cancer [1]. In this sense, a large amount of this cruciferous plant becomes residue, and more than 50% of this residue is in the form of leaves, which has a high cost with negative effects for the environment. A large amount of this cruciferous plant becomes residue, and more than 50% of this residue is in the form of leaves, which has a high cost with negative effects for the environment It is for these reasons that, in recent years, the possible reuse of this waste has been investigated [3,4]
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