Abstract
We studied the influence of experimentally induced DM1, in combination with different dietary n6:n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on different types of nerve fibers in rat myocardium, in order to reveal whether protective/unfavorable effects of different PUFAs on myocardial function in diabetic patients could be a (partial) repercussion of their effect on the changes in cardiac innervation. The control group (c) and diabetic group (stz) were fed with an n6/n3 ratio of ≈7; the diet of the stz+n6 group had an n6/n3 ratio ≈60, while the diet for the stz+DHA group contained 2.5% of fish oil (containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid—EPA and 19% docosahexaenoic acid—DHA), n6/n3 ratio of ≈1. DM1 was induced by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and rats were euthanized 30 days after induction. Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection and quantification of different types of neuronal fibers in the cardiac septum. We found changes in cardiac innervations characteristics for the initial phase of experimental DM1, which manifested as an increase in total number and area density of all neuronal fibers, measured by Pgp9.5 immunoreactivity. By detailed analysis, we found that this increase consisted mostly of heavy myelinated NF200 immunoreactive fibers and TH immunoreactive sympathetic fibers, while the density of ChAT immunoreactive parasympathetic fibers decreased. In the deep (middle) part of the myocardium, where rare fibers (of all studied types) were found, significant differences were not found. Surprisingly, we found a more consistent protective effect of n6 PUFAs, in comparison to n3 PUFAs supplementation. These results may provide a better understanding of the potential impacts of different PUFA ratios in the diet of diabetic patients on cardiac innervation and genesis and outcome of diabetic autonomic cardiomyopathy.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases; whose pathogenesis involves hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immuneNutrients 2020, 12, 2761; doi:10.3390/nu12092761 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsNutrients 2020, 12, 2761 dysfunction [1]
We used different immunohistochemical markers in order to explore the density of innervation in the cardiac septum of diabetic rats in STZ-induced DM1, as well as the influence of different n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation
When expressed as a percentage of the body weight, there was no significant difference in cardiac weight between groups (Figure 1B), which was related to a substantial decrease in body weight of all three diabetic groups (Figure 1C)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases; whose pathogenesis involves hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immuneNutrients 2020, 12, 2761; doi:10.3390/nu12092761 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsNutrients 2020, 12, 2761 dysfunction [1]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases; whose pathogenesis involves hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune. The dysfunction of the autonomic system predicts cardiovascular risk and SCD in patients with type 2 diabetes [3], especially through increased sympathetic activity. Since many pathological conditions and changes in tissues are associated with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alteration [4,5,6], the beneficial role of the PUFAs consumption and numerous protective effects that long-chain n3 PUFAs exert on the cardiovascular system [7,8,9,10,11]
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