Abstract
In order to determine influence of extraction method on volatile oil composition of Artemisia annua L., steam distillation, hydrodistillation, organic solvent extraction, and headspace sampling have been applied. The relative abundance of volatile compounds from the odorous aerial parts of A. annua, obtained by different extraction techniques, was analyzed by GC-MS. Exactly fifty constituents were identified. The leaf and flower essential oil yield ranged from 0.9 to 2.3% (v/w). Oxygenated monoterpenes were predominant in all samples ranged from 42.6% for steam-distilled fraction of petroleum ether extract to 70.6% for headspace of plant material. Essential oils isolated by steam distillation and hydrodistillation indicate that A. annua belongs to artemisia ketone chemotype with its relative content of 30.2% and 28.3%, respectively. The principal constituent in headspace sample of plant material was also artemisia ketone (46.4%), while headspace of petroleum ether extract had camphene (25.6%) as the major compound. The results prove the combined approaches to be powerful for the analysis of complex herbal samples.
Highlights
Within the tribe Anthemideae of the family Asteraceae, with its nearly 100 genera, Artemisia is by far the largest and most distributed genus, comprising some 400-500 species including a number of which are important for their medicinal properties [1, 2].The most famous among them is Artemisia annua L., sweet wormwood, a highly aromatic herb of Asian and Eastern European origin that is nowadays naturalized worldwide
Plant material was extracted by Soxhlet extraction (3 h) with petroleum ether as a solvent
Hydrodistillation (HD) was applied as one of the simplest conventional ways to separate the essential oil from different parts of the plants
Summary
The most famous among them is Artemisia annua L., sweet wormwood, a highly aromatic herb of Asian and Eastern European origin that is nowadays naturalized worldwide This annual herbaceous plant with a strong fragrance is known as the only source of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Qing Hao, which has been used for over 2000 years to alleviate fevers and to stop malarial attack. These ethnopharmacological applications led to the isolation of the sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide artemisinin present in the aerial parts of the plant [3, 4] This compound of a cadinene skeleton with a unique 1,2,4-trioxane segment, responsible for antimalarial activity of A. annua, was discovered in 1972 by Professor Tu’s team. This discovery was recognized by her receipt of the Nobel
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