Abstract
As a typical material of the insert in high-level radioactive waste (HLW) geological disposal canisters, iron-based materials will directly contact with groundwater after the failure of a metallic canister, acting as a chemical barrier to prevent HLW leaking into groundwater. In this paper, anoxic groundwater was simulated by mixing 10 mM NaCl and 2 mM NaHCO3 purged by Ar gas (containing 0.3% CO2) with different added ions (Ca2+, CO32− and SiO32−) and operation temperatures (25, 40 and 60 °C). An electrochemical measurement, immersion tests and surface characterization were carried out to study the corrosion behavior of pure iron in the simulated groundwater. The effects of Ca2+ on the corrosion behavior of iron is negligible, however, Cl− plays an important role in accelerating the corrosion activity with the increased concentration and temperature. With increased concentrations of CO32− and SiO32−, the corrosion resistance of iron is largely improved, which is attributed to the formation of a uniform passivation film. The independent effects of temperature on the corrosion behavior of iron are resulted from the repeated passivation–dissolution processes in the formation of the passivation film, resulting from the synergistic effects of CO32−/SiO32− and Cl−. The formation of ferric silicate is dominant in the passivation film with the addition of SiO32−, which effectively protects the iron surface from corrosion.
Highlights
The metallic canister is the first barrier to prevent high-level radioactive waste (HLW) from leakage in different countries
Martin et al [17] studied the corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel in anoxic simulated groundwater using the electrochemical impedance method at 90 ◦ C and the results showed that the corrosion rate decreased with the increase in reaction time
The effects of Ca2+, CO3 2− and SiO3 2− on the corrosion behavior of pure iron in simulated groundwater (SG) solutions were investigated by varying the concentration of added ions and reaction temperatures
Summary
The metallic canister is the first barrier to prevent high-level radioactive waste (HLW) from leakage in different countries. The service behavior and development of corrosion products of iron-based materials in a groundwater environment may affect the reduction and inhibition of HLW. N.R. Smart and co-workers [15] reported that the corrosion rate of low-carbon steel in an anoxic simulated groundwater solution of Sweden at. Martin et al [17] studied the corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel in anoxic simulated groundwater using the electrochemical impedance method at 90 ◦ C and the results showed that the corrosion rate decreased with the increase in reaction time. It is important to investigate the effects of other anions, like Cl− , HCO3 − , CO3 2− and SiO3 2− , which are typical in underground water, on the anoxic corrosion of pure iron. A corrosion mechanism of pure iron affected by different ions and temperatures in anoxic simulated groundwater is proposed
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