Effects of Different Hemoglobin Levels on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

Abstract

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a commonly used technique to evaluate tissue oxygenation and prevent harmful cerebral desaturation in the perioperative setting. The aims of the present study were to assess whether surgery-related anemia can be detected via NIRS of cerebral oxygen saturation and to investigate the effects of different perioperative transfusion strategies on cerebral oxygenation, potentially affecting transfusion decision-making. Study Design and Methods: Data from the ongoing multicenter LIBERAL-Trial (liberal transfusion strategy to prevent mortality and anemia-associated ischemic events in elderly noncardiac surgical patients, LIBERAL) were used. In this single-center sub-study, regional cerebral oxygenation saturation (rSO₂) was evaluated by NIRS at baseline, pre-, and post-RBC transfusion. The obtained values were correlated with blood gas analysis-measured Hb concentrations. Results: rSO₂ correlated with Hb decline during surgery (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001). Different RBC transfusion strategies impacted rSO₂ such that higher Hb values resulted in higher rSO₂. Cerebral desaturation occurred at lower Hb values more often. Discussion: Cerebral oxygenation monitoring using NIRS provides noninvasive rapid and continuous information regarding perioperative alterations in Hb concentration without the utilization of patients’ blood for blood sampling. Further investigations are required to demonstrate if cerebral rSO₂ may be included in future individualized transfusion decision strategies.