Effects of Different Extraction Solvents on Oil Extracted from Jatropha Seeds and the Potential of Seed Residues as a Heat Provider

Yadessa Gonfa Keneni,Jorge Mario Marchetti,Legesse Adane Bahiru

doi:10.1007/s12155-020-10217-5

Yadessa Gonfa Keneni, Jorge Mario Marchetti + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10217-5

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Abstract

The present study focuses on the determination of oil contents of thirteen different jatropha seed collections from Ethiopia. The oil was extracted with a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane which was selected out of four different solvents: diethyl ether, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-hexane. Cotton and thimble were used as filter for the extractions. Some properties of the oil of Chali seed collection and a sample of mixed oils (a mixture of equal volume of oils from thirteen different seed collections) were determined. The energy contents of selected de-oiled jatropha seed residues were also estimated. In the extraction with cotton and thimble, the largest percentage of oil yield was obtained from Dana seed (48.29%) and Chali seed (45.79) collections, respectively. The acid value (1.32 mg KOH/g) and percentage of free fatty acids (%FFA) (0.66%) of Chali seed oil were lower than the acid value (2.12 mg KOH/g) and %FFA (1.06%) of the mixed oil, and thus, the former oil is more suitable for alkaline-catalyzed biodiesel production. The iodine values of both Chali seed oil (116.02 g/100 g) and mixed oil (109.24 g/100 g) did not exceed the maximum standard for biodiesel according to the European EN 14214 specification, and the oils could be used for biodiesel production. The gross calorific values of de-oiled jatropha seed residues after oil extraction were found to range from 18.57 to 24.03 MJ/kg, and with the average value of 19.64 MJ/kg. Thus, the de-oiled seed residues can be used as the source of heat.

Highlights

Jatropha curcas L. is one of the 170 species of genus Jatropha which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae
As it was mentioned in the methodology, Salmene3 seed collection was extracted with different solvents using cotton as filter to compare the efficiency of different solvents to extract the oil from crushed seeds (CS)
In the extraction with cotton, the largest amount of oil was obtained from Dana seed collection whereas in the case of extraction with thimble, the largest oil yield was found from Chali seed collection

Summary

Introduction

Jatropha curcas L. is one of the 170 species of genus Jatropha which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Originating in the Caribbean, jatropha has been spread as a useful hedge plant to Africa and Asia by Portuguese merchant, and the plant is found. Different parts of jatropha plant have various uses, and it is considered as a multipurpose shrub [2, 6]. Jatropha seeds are rich in oil that is not edible due to the presence of a toxic compound, the phorbol ester, and the oil has become a very attractive source of biodiesel [7]. Production of biodiesel from non-edible oils such as jatropha oil has been given due consideration during the last decade as using such oils for energy sources does not directly compete with the food market [8]. In addition to the oil, which is used as the feedstock of biodiesel, the de-oiled jatropha seed residues can be used as a solid biofuel [9]

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