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Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, resulting in a global epidemic. The most common type, the type 2 diabetes mellitus, constitutes of 90–95 % of the cases and is characterized by the action of and/or impaired insulin secretion. Regular exercise is a recommended strategy in several studies and guidelines for type 2 diabetes control and complications associated with it. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the effects of aerobic and strength exercise programs on the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe selected patients were divided into groups which performed moderate strength training (ST) and aerobic training (AT). The study lasted 20 weeks and was divided into two 10 week phases with anthropometric (body mass index, waist, abdomen and hips circumferences, waist/hip ratio) and biochemical (glycemic and lipid profile) assessments at baseline, 10 weeks and 20 weeks. For intra and inter analyses a mixed ANOVA model was used. Individual changes were calculated using the minimum detectable change, based on a 90 % confidence interval.ResultsEleven patients (five men and six women) completed the 20 weeks of training; five from the ST group and six from the AT. No significant changes were observed in any anthropometric variable in either group. Statistically significant differences were found in mean hemoglobin A1c in both groups between baseline (AT: 8.6 ± 2.5; ST: 9.2 ± 1.9) and 10 weeks (AT: 7.2 ± 1.7; ST: 7.9 ± 1.2) (p = 0.03), and baseline (AT: 8.6 ± 2.5; ST: 9.2 ± 1.9) and 20 weeks (AT: 7.5 ± 1.7; ST: 7.4 ± 0.9) (p = 0.01). For the minimal detectable changes, 40 % of the ST and 33 % of AT achieved these changes for hemoglobin A1c.ConclusionBoth aerobic and strength exercises can help the metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, even without significant changes in anthropometry over the 20 weeks of training. However, this period was sufficient to cause changes in hemoglobin A1c values and the estimated average glucose, which are important parameters in controlling diabetes, thus signaling an important consequence of adhering to an exercise routine for type 2 diabetic patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0123-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, resulting in a global epidemic
In recent years the postprandial hyperglycemia has been recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) [6], and structured exercise programs have shown to play an important role in glycemic control during the day, causing increased sensitivity to insulin for up to 48 h after the workout, which can assist in preventing hyperglycemic spikes [29]
The data submitted demonstrated that using both aerobic exercise and strength training (ST) can aid in the metabolic control of patients with DM 2, even without changes in anthropometry or caloric intake control
Summary
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, resulting in a global epidemic. The most common type, the type 2 diabetes mellitus, constitutes of 90–95 % of the cases and is characterized by the action of and/or impaired insulin secretion. The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide, resulting in a global epidemic [1]. The most common type, the type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), makes up 90–95 % of the cases and is characterized by impaired action and/or insulin secretion. This de Lade et al Diabetol Metab Syndr (2016) 8:13 disease is more common in people older than 45 years of age and overweight [2]. The increasing prevalence of DM 2 can be attributed to other factors, such as population growth and ageing, greater urbanization, the increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity, as well as increased survival amongst patients with DM [4, 6]
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