Abstract
Purpose: To study the effects of various dexmedetomidine (DEX) doses on post-surgical emergence agitation (EA) and oxidative stress in children.Methods: At various times, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured: prior to anesthesia (T0), during intubation (T1), at onset of operation (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). The incidence of post-surgical EA was estimated, and the extent of agitation were determined based on pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED). Post-surgical pain was determined using facial pain scale (FPS). Serum levels of cortisol (Cor), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were quantified at T0 and T3. Extubation time and awakening time, as well as postoperative complications were recorded.Results: At T1, T2 and T3, levels of HR and MAP were significantly increased in all three groups, when compared to the corresponding values at T0, with group C having peak values, followed by A and B. Group B had a lower incidence of EA than groups A and C, but EA incidence was lower in group A than in group C. The lowest scores for PAED and FPS were in group B (p < 0.05). Blood levels of Cor, E and NE at T0 were comparable amongst the three groups. However, at T3, serum levels of these parameters were lower in group B than in each of the other 2 groups.Conclusion: At a dose of 0.5 μg/kg, DEX effectively reduces the incidence of post-surgical EA, improves hemodynamics, and alleviates oxidative stress responses in pediatric anesthesia.
Highlights
Adverse reactions during the peri-extubation period of general anesthesia, especially during pediatric peri-surgical anesthesia, are have continued to receive increasing attention from anesthesiologists and surgeons [1]
Children scheduled for elective surgery were given anesthesia using two different doses of DEX, and the effect of the drug on hemodynamics and Emergence agitation (EA) were determined
Post-surgical EA was assessed with pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) [8]
Summary
Adverse reactions during the peri-extubation period of general anesthesia, especially during pediatric peri-surgical anesthesia, are have continued to receive increasing attention from anesthesiologists and surgeons [1]. Due to their young age and low body weight, children may cry and be uncooperative prior to surgery [2]. Children scheduled for elective surgery were given anesthesia using two different doses of DEX, and the effect of the drug on hemodynamics and EA were determined. This was with a view to providing a basis for the use of DEX anesthesia in surgically-treated children
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