Effects of different diets on growth performance, enzyme activity, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad ( Alosa sapidissima )

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 江苏中洋集团, 江苏 南通 226600 作者简介: 刘志峰(1987-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为鱼类繁育与生理.E-mail:miqinger@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S963 基金项目: 国家工程技术研究中心培育点项目（BM2013012）；青岛博士后应用研究项目（Q51201611）. Effects of different diets on growth performance, enzyme activity, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad (Alosa sapidissima) Author: Affiliation: 1. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong 226600, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以美洲西鲱（Artemia）、单独投喂微颗粒饲料、卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂]，分析不同饵料的投喂对存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明：（1）混合投喂组的存活与生长表现都要显著优于卤虫组和微颗粒饲料组（<0.05），微颗粒饲料组与卤虫组相比差异不大，而试验后期（20~30 d）微颗粒饲料组的存活与生长表现要优于卤虫组；（2）消化酶的结果显示，胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力在各组中无显著性差异（<0.05），其中糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在微颗粒饲料组中要显著高于混合投喂组（>0.05），过氧化氢酶和溶菌酶活力在微颗粒饲料组中最高，卤虫组中最低，两者之间差异显著（<0.05）；（4）鱼体脂肪酸受饵料脂肪酸组成影响较大，微颗粒饲料中n-3HUFA和DHA含量较高，其投喂后在鱼体中的含量也高。综上所述，不同饵料投喂对美洲西鲱仔稚鱼存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸影响显著，在试验20 d之前使用卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂，20 d后完全转食微颗粒饲料，可以降低成本，同时提高生产效率。 Abstract:The American shad, , is an economically and ecologically valuable anadromous herring native to the Atlantic coast of North America, which was introduced into China as an alternative species to the Chinese shad (because of the latter's near extinction), and is considered as an emerging aquaculture species in China. However, the high mortality rate in the early stage of development, particularly after ingestion of exogenous food, has seriously restricted the development of the industry. Therefore, food selection during seed rearing has important significance. In the present study, the effect of different diets on growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad were assessed. Larvae of American shad, 10 d after hatching, were reared with different diets ( and micro diet), in triplicate, for 30 d cultivation. The survival and growth performance (survival rate, total length, body weight, and specific growth rate) in the mixed feeding group were significantly better than those in the other two groups during the studied period (<0.05). This may be attributable to the difficulty in digesting micro diets during the early experiment stage and the deficiency of essential fatty acids in , particularly the deficiency of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There were no obvious differences between the micro diet group and group; however, the survival and growth performance of the micro diet group during the 20 d-30 d period were better than those in the <0.05). This may be because larval fish can digest and absorb micro diets efficiently during this period; moreover, micro diets have a better nutrient content. There were no significant differences in the pepsin and amylase activities among all groups, whereas the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase in the group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (<0.05). Furthermore, chymotrypsin and lipase activities in the micro diet group were significantly higher than those in the mixed feeding group (<0.05). This indicates that fish larvae could digest micro diets efficiently at the end of experiment, and the addition of micro diets can improve digestive enzyme activities and digestion ability to a certain extent. There was no significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activities among all groups. The highest activities of catalase (CAT) and lysozyme (LZM) were recorded in the micro diet group, and the activities in this group were significantly higher than those in the <0.05). There was a certain correlation between the survival performance during the 20-30 d period and the activities of CAT and LZM. The mortality in the micro diet group and mixed feeding group remained stable, whereas that in the group continued to decline during this period. This indicates that the addition of micro diets may enhance the non-specific immune response of larval fish. The fatty acid composition of fish larvae was affected considerably by the fatty acid composition of diets. Due to the higher content of essential fatty acids in micro diets, the contents of n-3 HUFA and DHA in the mixed feeding group and micro diet group were significantly higher than those in the <0.05). The experimental results indicate that different diets have an obvious influence on the growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and body fatty acid composition of larval American shad. This preliminary analysis showed that mixed feeding with and micro diets before 20 d and full conversion to feeding with micro diets after 20 d can reduce costs and improve production efficiency. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献