Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the interaction of dietary protein, soybean protein (SOY) and casein (CAS); and fat, perilla oil (PER, α-linolenic acid) and safflower oil (SAF, linoleic acid), on cholesterol metabolism, liver fatty acid composition and splenic eicosanoid production in hamsters. Cholesterol-enriched diets (0.2%) containing 20% protein and 10% fat were given for 38 days. Neither hypocholesterolemic nor liver cholesterol-lowering effects of SOY in comparison to CAS were observed in this experiment. However, SOY stimulated fecal steroid excretion, particularly in combination with SAF. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids was in general not influenced by the type of dietary protein, but SOY interfered the conversion of 20:5n-3 to 22:6n-3 when fed with PER. Splenic production of leukotriene B4 was not influenced by dietary treatments whereas the production of PGE2 was significantly higher in hamsters fed SAF diets, particularly in combination with SOY. Thus, SOY in comparison to CAS has selective effects on various parameters of lipid metabolism when added in cholesterol-enriched diets.
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