Abstract
To understand the physiological basis of high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency cultivation in mid-season rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and improve the techniques, 3 cultivation systems were compared with 3 mid-season japonica rice cultivars based on the characteristics of grain yield formation. Compared with the local high-yield cultivation system (control), the super high-yielding cultivation (HHC) system significantly increased the biomasses of root and shoot, and the root cytokinin concentration and root oxidation activity were also promoted. In the above-ground part, the grain-leaf ratio and the leaf photosynthetic rate during the mid and late grain-filling periods were improved. At heading stage, the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrate in stem and sheath was higher in HHC than in the control, resulting in higher remobilization rate of carbon accumulated from heading to mature stage and higher harvest index in the HHC treatment. The grain yield and agronomic N use efficiency were increased by 31% and 57% in the HHC treatment, respectively, compared to the control. The integration and optimization of proper cultivation techniques, such as site-specific nutrient management and precise irrigation, could enhance the root and shoot growth of mid-season rice and obtain high grain yield and high N use efficiency, accordingly.
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