Abstract
Weirs are commonly used for controlling, measuring, and regulating water flow in conveyance structures such as canals or dams. In this study, hydraulic properties of flow over broad-crested weirs including the effects of different sloping crests and upstream and downstream ramps were characterized by using the finite volume method. Numerical simulations were validated by experimental results; the numerical simulations are very similar to the experimental results. The discharge coefficient (Cd) for the broad-crested weir with upstream and downstream ramps and positive slope of crest (BCW-UDR-PSC) and the broad-crested weir with upstream and downstream ramps and negative slope of crest (BCW-UDR-NSC) are higher than the broad-crested weir with upstream and downstream ramps and horizontal crest (BCW-UDR-HC). It was found that for both the BCW-UDR-NSC and the BCW-UDR-PSC, the Cd increases with steeper weir crest slope. This shows that the Cd is affected by the slope of the crest such that the negative sloped crest more significantly increases the Cd than a positive slope. The average increase in value of the Cd for the BCW-UDR-NSC with respect the BCW-UDR-PSC is approximately 8%.
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